Pityriasis rosea can appear suddenly and cause understandable concern because of its patterned rash and discomfort. It usually resolves without long term effects, yet symptoms can still disrupt daily comfort.
In this article we outline its signs, potential causes, and supportive treatment approaches that may ease irritation while the condition settles.
What Is Pityriasis Rosea?
Pityriasis rosea presents with a herald patch followed by smaller oval patches that may feel itchy and appear on the torso or limbs [1,2]. It is considered a self limiting rash that commonly affects younger adults.
It is thought to relate to reactivation of human herpes virus 6 or 7, although this association remains unproven and the condition is not contagious [3,4].
Pityriasis Rosea Symptoms
Symptom
Description
Herald patch
A single oval patch on the trunk that may mimic ringworm [2]
Rash pattern
Smaller lesions form a Christmas tree pattern with possible mild symptoms
Itching
Pruritus affects around half of cases [2,3]
Table 1: Core symptoms of pityriasis rosea
These features create the characteristic distribution that helps distinguish the condition from others.
Pityriasis Rosea Stages
Stage
Description
Initial phase
Appearance of the herald patch
Secondary eruption
Multiple patches follow skin tension lines
Resolution phase
Gradual fading over 6 to 12 weeks without scarring [4]
Table 2: Stages of pityriasis rosea
The condition usually resolves within a predictable time frame, easing reassurance.
Pityriasis Rosea Treatment
Treatment type
Description
Topical treatments
Steroids and antihistamines may reduce itch [3,4]
Systemic options
Oral antihistamines or occasional corticosteroids for severe cases
Home measures
Hydration, gentle bathing, and loose clothing for comfort [2,3]
Table 3: Supportive care for pityriasis rosea
Supportive options aim to ease symptoms while the rash resolves naturally.
When To Seek Advice
Medical review is advised if symptoms persist beyond 12 weeks, cause marked discomfort, or resemble alternative conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, or fungal infections [4].
Conclusion
Monderma provides prescription skincare for acne, ageing, hyperpigmentation, and rosacea, with formulations tailored to individual progress and needs. While conditions like pityriasis rosea often resolve naturally, supporting overall skin balance can ease discomfort and promote recovery.
If you would like personalised skincare designed to maintain long term skin resilience, you can explore a tailored formula through Monderma
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
Buying skincare online can feel overwhelming, especially when products vary in quality and authenticity. Counterfeit items create real risks for irritation, reactions, and long term harm.
In this article we outline how to spot fake skincare products, explore the influence of social media, and share supportive steps that may help protect skin health.
Risks Of Counterfeit Products
Fake skincare products may include unlisted contaminants that can irritate skin, trigger reactions, or worsen existing concerns, making careful purchasing essential [1,2].
Young people are especially vulnerable when navigating large marketplaces without clear regulation or consistent quality safeguards [2].
Social Media & Skincare Choices
Issue
Description
Misleading ads
Influencer content can unintentionally promote counterfeit items
Impulse buying
Fast purchasing reduces time to verify authenticity
Lax regulations
Limited oversight increases exposure to unverified sellers
Mental health impact
Pressure for clear skin may drive risky product choices [9]
Table 1: Social media disadvantages
Social platforms make discovery easy but can blur the line between authentic and counterfeit products, especially when trends shift quickly [3,4].
Spotting Fake Skincare Products
Step
Detail
Research the seller
Check reviews and buyer feedback
Inspect packaging
Look for printing errors or irregular branding
Compare prices
Very low prices may indicate counterfeit items [2]
Check authentication
Verify codes or holograms when available [2]
Verify ingredients
Compare with official brand listings
Buy from authorised sites
Use brand websites or approved retailers
Table 2: Identifying counterfeit products
Small discrepancies often reveal authenticity issues, making careful comparison worthwhile.
Teen Skincare & Safe Habits
Tip
Guidance
Establish routine
Gentle cleansing, moisturising, and sunscreen support skin health [6,7]
Identify skin type
Helps guide product choice
Avoid overuse
Too many products may irritate skin
Review trends
Viral items may not suit all skin types
Table 3: Supportive teen skincare habits
A simple and consistent approach helps maintain barrier strength while reducing exposure to counterfeit items.
Parents & Guardians
Role
Action
Educate
Explain counterfeit risks and safe buying
Monitor
Guide purchases toward reputable sources
Communicate
Encourage open discussion about skin concerns
Table 4: Supportive guidance for young people
Parental involvement can help reduce unsafe purchases and support healthier skincare decisions [8].
Conclusion
All Monderma formulas are reviewed by GPhC pharmacists, ensuring quality, safety, and personalised care tailored to each individual’s skin needs. This rigorous oversight helps maintain effective and reliable treatment outcomes.
If you would like personalised skincare designed to support long term skin resilience, you can explore a tailored formula through Monderma.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
BBC News. Fake cosmetics investigation
Validated Claim Support. Counterfeit safety risks
SecurityBrief UK. Social media counterfeit concerns
CBD skincare has become more visible as people look for ways to calm sensitive or reactive skin with gentle, plant derived options promoted for their soothing potential.
In this article we explore the emerging science behind CBD skincare, outline findings from published research, and review current UK guidance to support informed, cautious use.
What CBD Does For Your Skin
CBD is a non psychoactive compound from the hemp plant that research associates with anti inflammatory and antioxidant effects in pre clinical studies [1,2].
UK authorities do not classify CBD skincare as a medicine, and its use remains a personal choice rather than a clinically endorsed treatment pathway [4,5].
CBD Mechanisms & Evidence
Pre clinical studies show CBD may influence inflammatory signals in keratinocytes, which can affect visible redness and general reactivity in sensitive skin [1,2].
Laboratory research also suggests antioxidant activity that may help support the skin barrier, although human evidence remains limited and exploratory [1,2,3].
Potential Benefits
Key Benefit
Supporting Evidence
Anti inflammatory
Reduced cytokine pathways in pre clinical skin studies [1,2,3]
Antioxidant action
Laboratory data showing free radical neutralisation [1,2,3]
Barrier support
Increased dermal hydration in early models [1,3]
Itch reduction
Possible easing of pruritus in reactive skin models [2,3]
Table 1: Early research findings
Guidance For Consumers
CBD skincare quality varies, so consumers should choose third party verified formulations with clear concentrations and ingredient listings.
NHS and NICE advise caution because CBD skincare is not licensed, safety data remains incomplete, and reactions are possible, making patch testing important [4,5].
Market Considerations
CBD skincare trends often intersect with hemp seed oil, antioxidant botanicals, and products designed for calm skin that soothe dry skin, though these claims should be viewed as emerging rather than definitive.
Those with ongoing symptoms should seek formal assessment rather than relying on unregulated topical CBD.
Conclusion
Monderma currently excludes CBD from its formulations, focusing instead on ingredients with well established safety and proven mechanisms of action. This approach ensures treatments are both effective and suitable for long term skin health.
If you would like personalised skincare created around safe, evidence based ingredients, you can explore a tailored formula through Monderma.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Clin Ter. CBD enriched ointment findings
Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. Dermatology overview
Fractional laser therapy offers a focused approach to skin renewal that appeals to those seeking smoother, firmer skin with minimal downtime. It works by creating controlled microinjuries that support collagen and elastin production.
In this article we outline how fractional lasers function, explore their benefits, and consider how they may complement a personalised skincare routine.
Historical Development Of Laser Therapy
Laser therapy has progressed from invasive early devices to precise tools that minimise disruption and support faster recovery, making cosmetic treatment more accessible [3].
Modern fractional systems allow targeted renewal while preserving surrounding skin, easing the recovery period for those seeking refinement.
How Fractional Lasers Work
Fractional lasers create microthermal zones in the deeper layer that support collagen formation while sparing adjacent tissue [2]. This precision encourages smoother texture with fewer side effects [3].
Their controlled energy delivery promotes new cells over time, supporting firmness and resilience suited to face treatments.
Types Of Fractional Lasers
Type
Description
Ablative
Removes surface layers for deeper lines and scars
Non ablative
Stimulates collagen without removal for milder concerns
Table 1: Types of fractional lasers
Ablative lasers may help deeper scars, while non ablative devices offer shorter recovery with reduced disruption [4,5].
Benefits Of Fractional Laser Therapy
Fractional systems may ease fine lines by supporting collagen growth [2]. Their regenerative effect improves tone and texture while reducing pore visibility and sun damage [3,4].
Reduced surface disruption allows quicker return to daily activities, with strengthened outcomes after planned treatment sessions [6].
What To Expect After Treatment
Redness and swelling often settle within days, and results refine as collagen develops over the following weeks [1,4]. With consistent care, improvements may be long lasting [6].
Appropriate Candidates
Those with mild to moderate lines, uneven texture, or acne scarring may benefit [3]. Balanced expectations, good health, and commitment to aftercare help support safe healing [1].
Conclusion
Monderma provides prescription skincare for acne, ageing, hyperpigmentation, and rosacea using ingredients that can complement resurfacing treatments by supporting skin renewal, texture, and tone refinement. Tailored formulations ensure each treatment aligns with individual skin needs.
If you would like personalised skincare designed to maintain long term skin resilience, you can explore a tailored formula through Monderma.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
Wearable devices are becoming more relevant for those wanting clearer insight into daily skin changes, especially when dryness, sensitivity, or irritation fluctuate.
In this article we explore emerging skin gas sensors, outline how they work, and consider their potential role in supporting more personalised skincare decisions.
Wearable Skin Gas Sensors
A compact device assesses skin health by detecting gases released or absorbed at the surface, offering continuous insight into changing skin needs [1].
It operates without direct contact, making it suitable for sensitive skin while remaining comfortable for daily use across different environments [1].
How The Sensor Works
Feature
Description
Gas detection
Tracks carbon dioxide, water vapour, and VOCs linked to skin status [1]
Non invasive design
Avoids direct skin contact for gentle monitoring
Real time tracking
Provides continuous updates throughout the day
Data transmission
Sends information to smartphones for review
Table 1: Core features of wearable gas sensors
Sensor Function & Insights
The device uses a chamber and programmable valve to capture gas patterns, helping reveal changes linked to inflammation, infections, or barrier disruption [2,4].
It offers a dynamic perspective on skin health that differs from static assessments, supporting early awareness of emerging issues [4].
Benefits For Skin Health
Benefit
Impact
Early diagnosis
Supports early recognition of inflammatory changes
Personalised care
Helps guide tailored routines based on daily fluctuations [1]
Non invasive support
Avoids procedures for fragile or sensitive skin
Chronic monitoring
Offers ongoing insight for long term skin concerns [2]
Table 2: Health and skincare benefits
Who May Benefit
Individuals with sensitive or reactive skin may find value in early pattern recognition, while those managing chronic issues can track gradual changes across weeks [5].
Wearable sensors also support clinicians by offering consistent data that complements in person evaluation of skin conditions [1].
Scientific Basis
Chemical sensors and algorithms detect subtle variations that may be missed by visual checks, enabling ongoing observation in both home and clinical settings [1].
Developers intend to refine specificity for broader medical applications, including metabolic insights and wound care support [4].
Conclusion
While wearable sensors are not yet part of standard care, their preventative insights complement Monderma’s personalised approach by potentially informing tailored treatment strategies and supporting proactive skin health.
If you would like personalised skincare designed to strengthen long term skin resilience, you can explore a tailored formula through Monderma.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
Ectoine has become a valued skincare ingredient for those seeking hydration and calm, offering protection against dryness and environmental stress [1,2].
In this article we outline how ectoine works, explore its benefits for skin and eyes, and highlight its emerging role in advanced dermatological care.
What Is Ectoine?
Ectoine is a natural compound produced by microorganisms that thrive in extreme environments, where it protects cells through stabilising effects [1,2].
Its ability to attract water and support protein structure makes it suitable for skincare aimed at comfort, resilience, and improved hydration [1].
Ectoine & Cellular Protection
Action
Insight
Protein stabilisation
Helps maintain cellular structure under stress [1,2]
Hydration support
Forms a protective water shell for moisture balance [1]
Barrier reinforcement
Reduces water loss in dry or irritated skin [3]
Inflammation reduction
Helps ease dryness and discomfort in impaired skin [3]
Photoprotection
Supports defence against UV related damage [4]
Table 1: Core protective actions of ectoine
Ectoine & Skin Barrier
Ectoine supports barrier strength by helping maintain moisture and stabilising cell membranes, which may benefit dry or sensitive skin in challenging environments [3].
It can also support comfort in inflammatory conditions by easing dryness, helping reduce visible symptoms, and improving resilience across different skin types [3].
Ectoine & Eye Hydration
Ectoine based eye drops form a hydrating film that supports the tear layer and helps reduce evaporation, offering comfort for dry eye symptoms [5].
Studies also show reduced corneal disruption and lowered inflammatory markers in models exposed to dryness, demonstrating its potential in ocular care [6].
Additional Skin Effects
Ectoine may influence epigenetic activity in skin cells and has shown early potential for anti ageing and antiproliferative effects, which remain areas of ongoing research [g].
Conclusion
Monderma offers formulas containing ectoine to enhance hydration, repair the skin barrier, and provide gentle anti inflammatory support within customised routines.
If you would like personalised skincare designed to strengthen long term skin resilience, you can explore an ectoine formula through Monderma.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Scientific Reports. Ectoine effects on hydration
Int J Mol Sci. Ectoine as a protective osmolyte
Dermatol Res Pract. Ectoine for impaired skin barrier
Baby acne is a familiar concern for new parents, and understanding its causes can ease worry while helping support well balanced skin during early life [1].
In this article we outline common myths, explain key facts, and describe how baby acne differs from other conditions such as eczema.
What Is Baby Acne?
Baby acne, also known as neonatal acne, often appears within the first weeks of life as small red or white bumps on the face, nose, or forehead [1,2].
It is harmless, does not cause discomfort, and usually resolves naturally without treatment, even when it spreads slightly to the back or chest [1].
Causes Of Baby Acne
Maternal hormones crossing the placenta can stimulate oil glands, encouraging the appearance of spots in the early weeks of life.
Researchers also associate baby acne with an inflammatory response to the yeast Malassezia, which is now considered a leading explanation for this condition [2].
Myths & Skin Facts
Myth or Fact
Insight
Poor hygiene is involved
Hygiene does not influence baby acne [1]
It can be contagious
It is not infectious and cannot spread [1,2]
It needs treatment
It usually resolves without intervention [1]
It is true acne
It differs from acne seen in older children [2]
Table 1: Clarifying common myths and facts
Differentiating Skin Conditions
Baby acne presents as small bumps that do not cause itching, while eczema shows dry, scaly patches that may cause irritation or discomfort [1].
If symptoms resemble eczema or persist beyond typical timelines, professional advice can help ensure clarity and reassurance [1,2].
Baby Acne & Eczema Compared
Aspect
Baby Acne
Eczema
Appearance
Small red or white bumps
Dry, red, scaly, itchy patches
Onset
Two to four weeks of age
Around two months of age
Causes
Maternal hormones and yeast response
Allergies or family history
Treatment
Gentle cleansing and natural resolution
Emollients and avoidance of triggers
Table 2: Key differences between baby acne and eczema
Simple Comfort Measures
Gentle cleansing once daily with lukewarm water supports comfort without disrupting the delicate skin barrier [1].
Avoiding over the counter acne treatments is important, as formulations for older skin can irritate newborn skin and prolong symptoms [1,2].
Soft clothing and breathable fabrics may also support comfort by reducing friction on sensitive areas.
When To Seek Advice
Most cases resolve within weeks, although support from a paediatrician is appropriate if symptoms worsen, extend beyond six months, or coincide with fever or other concerns [2].
Conclusion
Baby acne usually resolves without treatment, but adults with concerns like acne, ageing, hyperpigmentation, or rosacea often benefit from personalised prescription care. Monderma’s structured consultation identifies formulations suited to individual skin needs for effective, targeted support.
If you would like personalised skincare designed to maintain long term skin resilience, you can explore a tailored formula through Monderma.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
Niels Ryberg Finsen influenced how light is used to support skin health, and his work shaped treatments that still guide care for chronic skin conditions [1].
In this article we outline his discoveries, describe how UV phototherapy works, and show how these principles support modern dermatology.
Early Life & Scientific Direction
Finsen observed the effect of light on his own symptoms, which encouraged his interest in how targeted wavelengths could support comfort and healing [2,5].
His medical training in Copenhagen helped him refine these ideas and begin exploring light’s role in managing persistent skin disease [1,2].
Emergence Of Phototherapy
Finsen noted that sunlight eased certain skin concerns and proposed that specific UV wavelengths could influence bacterial activity and tissue repair [3].
He focused on lupus vulgaris, a severe form of skin tuberculosis, which lacked reliable treatment and caused long term distress for many patients [2,4].
Development & Clinical Progress
Filtered UV light showed potential to help suppress bacteria and support healing, and Finsen refined this approach through detailed laboratory work [2,3,6].
By 1895 he treated lupus vulgaris patients using concentrated UV light, documenting results that marked a turning point in managing chronic skin disease [1,2].
Expansion & Global Impact
The Finsen Medical Light Institute opened in 1896 and welcomed patients from around the world, inspiring similar centres across Europe and North America [2,7].
More than 800 individuals received treatment in the institute’s early years, with many gaining significant improvement or resolution of long standing symptoms [4,7].
Nobel Prize Recognition
In 1903 Finsen received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for demonstrating that targeted light could treat disease and support healing [1,5].
His health declined shortly afterward, yet his influence shaped a new field and established light based care as a recognised medical discipline [1].
How UV Phototherapy Works
Application
Mechanism
UVB or NB UVB
Calms immune activity and slows rapid cell growth [3]
UVA or PUVA
Supports deeper immune modulation [3,4]
Visible or red light
Aids repair and comfort in selected concerns
Photodynamic therapy
Uses light with a sensitiser to target cells [3]
Table 1: Key applications and mechanisms of phototherapy
UV phototherapy can help slow overactive immune cells in the skin, easing redness, thickening, and flaking in conditions such as psoriasis or eczema [3,4].
Influence On Modern Care
Light based therapies now support conditions beyond dermatology, including neonatal jaundice and specific precancerous lesions [4,6].
Research continues to refine wavelength selection and delivery, offering more targeted approaches that build on Finsen’s original work [3,4].
Conclusion
Phototherapy can be effective for chronic skin conditions, yet personalised prescription skincare often provides targeted support for acne, ageing, hyperpigmentation, or rosacea. Monderma’s tailored treatments, guided by clinical assessment, help maintain skin comfort, balance, and overall health.
If you would like personalised skincare designed to strengthen long term skin resilience, you can explore a tailored formula through Monderma.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
Allantoin offers gentle support for dry or sensitive skin, helping ease discomfort and promoting smoother texture through its softening and calming properties [1,2].
In this article we outline its benefits, explore how it supports healing and scar care, and summarise how it can fit into a simple, effective routine.
What Is Allantoin?
Allantoin is found in plants such as comfrey and chamomile, and modern formulations use a purified form that supports comfort and renewal while remaining easy to tolerate [1].
Allantoin softens dead skin cells, helps ease irritation, and supports tissue repair, making it suitable for dry, sensitive, or inflamed skin [1].
Key Benefits & Skin Effects
Benefit
Insight
Soothing effect
Helps reduce redness and irritation [2]
Hydration support
Attracts moisture and reduces water loss [1]
Healing assistance
Supports tissue repair and renewal [3]
Gentle exfoliation
Softens surface cells for smoother texture [1]
Scar appearance comfort
Helps support collagen and cell turnover [4]
Table 1: Core benefits of allantoin for skin
Allantoin & Scar Comfort
Allantoin may support scar care through improved hydration, gentle exfoliation, and enhanced cell renewal. Evidence suggests it can help soften texture and improve comfort during healing [3,4].
Regular use of gels or creams supports gradual improvement. Formulas combining allantoin with allium cepa may offer additional support, although results vary and develop slowly [4].
Safety & Considerations
Allantoin is considered suitable for most skin types with a low risk of irritation when used within common concentrations [1]. Patch testing is advisable when trying any new ingredient.
Conclusion
Allantoin can soothe and comfort dry or irritated skin, but more complex concerns like acne, ageing, hyperpigmentation, or rosacea often require personalised approaches. Monderma’s prescription skincare uses ingredients such as azelaic acid, adapalene, and niacinamide to support renewal and maintain balanced skin.
If you would like personalised skincare designed to strengthen long term skin resilience, you can explore a tailored formula through Monderma.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Int J Toxicol. Allantoin safety assessment
J Cosmet Dermatol. Allantoin lotion in intertrigo
Int J Mol Sci. Allantoin enriched pectin hydrogel
Frontiers in Pharmacology. Allantoin and onion extract for scars
Chapped lips are common and can feel uncomfortable, especially during colder months when the air is dry. Simple steps often ease symptoms and support smoother lips [1,2].
In this article we outline the causes of dry chapped lips, explore practical treatments, and highlight how diet and daily habits influence comfort and resilience.
Causes Of Chapped Lips
Environmental stress, dehydration, lifestyle habits, and sensitivities can all contribute to cracked lips. Some medical conditions may also influence dryness [1,3].
Key Causes & Insights
Cause
Insight
Environmental factors
Cold, wind, and sun increase water loss [1]
Dehydration
Reduced hydration affects moisture retention [2]
Lifestyle habits
Saliva enzymes worsen dryness [3]
Allergies
Lip products may trigger irritation [4]
Medical conditions
Deficiencies and skin disease influence cracking [5]
Table 1: Common causes of chapped lips
Quick Treatments & Relief
Increasing moisture, reducing irritation, and protecting from environmental stress can improve comfort and appearance [2,6].
Treatment Options
Treatment
Benefit
Hydration
Supports moisture balance [2]
Lip suitable products
Petrolatum helps healing [6]
Avoid lip licking
Reduces drying from saliva [3]
SPF protection
Helps prevent UV related damage [7]
Gentle exfoliation
Supports smoother texture [8]
Table 2: Practical treatments for dry lips
Diet & Lip Health
Balanced nutrition supports repair and comfort. Vitamins and essential fatty acids help maintain softness and protection [4,5].
Nutrients That Support Comfort
Nutrient
Role
Vitamin A
Aids repair and hydration
Vitamin C
Supports collagen synthesis
Vitamin E
Protects from oxidative stress
Zinc
Contributes to healing
Omega 3
Helps maintain moisture balance
Table 3: Nutrients linked with lip health
Conclusion
Chapped lips can improve with simple care, but broader concerns like acne, rosacea, or hyperpigmentation often benefit from personalised treatment. Monderma’s prescription skincare uses active ingredients such as niacinamide and tretinoin to support skin renewal and comfort.
If you would like personalised skincare designed to maintain long term skin resilience, you can explore a tailored formula through Monderma.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
Anne Charles Lorry helped shape early dermatology and highlighted the importance of the skin in overall health. His work continues to inform how we understand this vital organ [1].
In this article we explore Lorry’s contributions, the structure of the epidermis, and the relevance of skin health within broader wellness practices.
Early Life & Medical Pursuits
Lorry trained during a period of limited medical knowledge, yet he pursued empirical study and questioned longstanding theories that shaped views on skin disease [1].
His commitment to understanding skin function encouraged a more structured approach to diagnosis and research that influenced future clinicians.
De Morbis Cutaneis & Its Influence
Published in 1777, De Morbis Cutaneis classified skin conditions into fourteen groups and offered detailed descriptions that guided understanding for generations [1].
Lorry’s emphasis on systematic observation supported a shift from speculative ideas toward evidence based dermatology.
The Epidermis As An Organ
Lorry was the first to propose the skin as an organ [1]. It covers around two square metres in adults and serves as a protective barrier while supporting temperature balance and sensation [2].
The epidermis renews itself through layers of keratinocytes that maintain structure and integrity. Its position at the surface helps guard against environmental exposure.
Layers Of The Epidermis
Layer
Description
Stratum basale
Produces new skin cells
Stratum spinosum
Offers strength and flexibility
Stratum granulosum
Creates lipids for barrier function [2]
Stratum lucidum
Clear layer in thicker skin [2]
Stratum corneum
Protective outer layer of dead cells
Table 1: Structure of the epidermis
Immune Surveillance In The Skin
Langerhans cells in the epidermis detect foreign substances and initiate immune responses. Their role supports the body’s defence and contributes to overall protection [3].
Epidermis & Holistic Health
The skin reflects internal and emotional wellness. Stress, sleep, hydration, and environment all influence appearance and comfort, showing how health and skin are closely linked [7].
Nutrition also contributes to barrier strength and repair. Omega 3 fatty acids help retain moisture [4], while vitamins A, C, and E support repair and resilience [5,6].
Historical & Modern Dermatology
Lorry’s structured thinking informs contemporary practice, where immunology, cell biology, and genetics guide approaches to skin disease [1].
Understanding the skin’s role in vitamin D production, immunity, and barrier health also shapes wider clinical and public health strategies [2,7].
Supporting Skin Well Being
Focus Area
Relevance
Barrier Care
Hydration and nutrition support resilience
Immune Health
Helps defend against environmental stress
Lifestyle
Stress and sleep influence skin comfort
Table 2: Factors supporting epidermal health
Conclusion
Monderma offers prescription skincare customised for acne, ageing skin, hyperpigmentation, and rosacea, with active ingredients selected to meet each individual’s needs. Personalised formulations ensure treatments address specific concerns while supporting overall skin health.
If you would like personalised skincare designed to maintain long term skin resilience, you can explore a tailored formula through Monderma.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
Ferulic acid is a plant based antioxidant that helps protect the skin from daily environmental stress. Many people notice improved comfort and clarity when antioxidants support their routine [2,3].
In this article we explore how ferulic acid works, its key benefits, and how it can be integrated into a simple, effective skincare approach supported by consistent daily habits.
What Is Ferulic Acid?
Ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid found in grains and plants [3]. It helps neutralise free radicals, which contribute to dullness, uneven tone, and fine lines linked with oxidative stress [1,2].
Its structure allows it to stabilise other antioxidants and protect collagen and elastin, supporting the skin’s natural resilience and brightness over time [3,4].
Key Ferulic Acid Benefits
Benefit
Description
Antioxidant Protection
Shields from UV and pollution linked free radicals [1,3].
Synergy With Antioxidants
Enhances vitamin C serums and vitamin E [4].
Anti Inflammatory Action
Calms redness and supports comfort [5].
Brightening Effect
Helps even tone and soften dark spots [3].
Table 1: Core benefits of ferulic acid
Using Ferulic Acid In A Routine
Ferulic acid serums deliver concentrated antioxidant support. Many combine vitamin C and vitamin E to maximise stability and protection throughout the day [4].
Applying after cleansing in the morning helps prepare the skin for environmental exposure. Moisturiser and sunscreen further support barrier health and sustained clarity.
Summary Of Application Steps
Step
Purpose
Cleanser
Prepares the skin for active ingredients
Serum
Provides antioxidant protection
Moisturiser
Supports hydration and comfort
Sunscreen
Reduces UV related stress
Table 2: Applying ferulic acid effectively
Precautions & Storage
Ferulic acid is generally well tolerated, although mild irritation can occur. Patch testing helps assess sensitivity, especially for delicate skin [3,5].
Serums should be stored away from heat and light to maintain potency. Opaque packaging helps protect antioxidant activity and ensures consistent performance.
Conclusion
Monderma provides personalised prescription skincare for acne, ageing skin, hyperpigmentation, and rosacea, using active ingredients such as niacinamide, azelaic acid, and tretinoin to complement antioxidant support in a balanced routine. Tailored formulations help address each concern effectively while supporting overall skin health.
If you would like personalised skincare designed to strengthen and maintain long term skin resilience, you can explore a custom formula through Monderma.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
Regenerative skincare appeals to those seeking smoother, hydrated skin, especially as natural renewal slows with age. Advances in active ingredients now provide supportive ways to enhance texture [1,8].
In this article we explore how peptides and polynucleotides function within skincare, highlighting their roles in hydration, regeneration, and skin comfort across a range of concerns.
Understanding Peptides For Skin
Peptides help form collagen and elastin, which keep the skin firm and supple. Ageing reduces natural protein production, leading to visible fine lines and gradual loss of elasticity [1,8].
Peptides may support barrier strength and hydration. Their signalling activity can help the skin maintain resilience and smoother tone, while also contributing to comfort by easing minor irritation [1,8].
Peptide Functions & Benefits
Feature
Role Or Benefit
Protein Foundation
Collagen and elastin synthesis
Hydration Support
Maintains moisture retention
Barrier Repair
Helps reinforce the skin surface
Regeneration Signal
May guide renewal processes
Table 1: Key functions of peptides
Role Of Polynucleotides In Skincare
Polynucleotides act as biostimulators, encouraging hydration, comfort, and cellular balance. They interact with tissue at a restorative level and may support elasticity and smoother texture [2 to 7].
These ingredients attract water, helping refine tone. Their soothing activity can be beneficial for delicate areas or persistent redness. Evidence suggests they may also support improvement in scarring and pigmentation [2 to 7].
Benefits Of Polynucleotide Treatment
Benefit
Evidence Or Mechanism
Collagen And Elasticity
Fibroblast activation
Hydration
Attracts and binds water
Texture And Tone
Surface refinement
Inflammation Modulating
Helps ease visible redness
Table 2: Core benefits of polynucleotides
Integrating Regenerative Formulas
Peptides and polynucleotides fit comfortably into routines designed to support ageing skin or texture changes. They complement established practices that focus on gentle cleansing and moisture balance [1,2,8].
Serums allow concentrated delivery of actives, while moisturisers help seal hydration. Regular sunscreen supports skin integrity and reduces external stressors that may affect results over time [8].
Routine Steps & Purpose
Step
Purpose
Cleanser
Lifts impurities and prepares the skin
Toner
Balances pH and primes absorption
Serum
Delivers focused active ingredients
Moisturiser
Supports hydration and comfort
Sunscreen
Protects from UV related ageing
Table 3: Routine overview
Choosing Suitable Products
Peptide or polynucleotide skincare varies in strength, so selecting stable formulations supports consistency [1,2]. Combining them with ingredients like niacinamide or hyaluronic acid may enhance hydration or barrier support [1,8].
Those exploring more advanced options, such as injectable polynucleotides, may benefit from clinical assessment to guide safe and appropriate use [1,2,6].
Future Of Regenerative Care
Research continues to refine how regenerative actives are delivered, encouraging personalised approaches that consider sustainability and ingredient efficiency [1,2,4,5].
Trend
Description
Personalised Skincare
Tailored to genetics or skin profile
Sustainable Ingredients
Sourced with environmental awareness
Delivery Systems
Designed for enhanced penetration
Table 4: Emerging trends
Conclusion
Monderma offers personalised prescription skincare that targets concerns such as ageing, hyperpigmentation, and inflammation using clinically supported ingredients like peptides and polynucleotides. Each formula is tailored to your skin type and needs for optimal care.
If you would like personalised skincare designed to strengthen and maintain skin resilience, you can explore a tailored formula through Monderma.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. Synthetic peptides
Cosmedics Skin Clinics. Polynucleotide treatments
Ashleigh Todd. Regenerative treatments
Dr Horlick. Polynucleotide biostimulators
London Dermatology Centre. Polynucleotide research
Beauty pageants have long influenced how people perceive beauty, and many readers recognise how these displays of culture and fashion shape identity across generations [1].
In this article we explore the origins of pageantry, its global rise, and its cultural influence, offering insight into how beauty ideals evolve within society.
Early Beginnings Of Beauty Contests
Ancient festivals often included contests focused on physical form, linking aesthetics with cultural values [1]. Later exhibitions in the nineteenth century formalised these events and widened their audience [2].
P T Barnum introduced an early American contest in 1854, reflecting interest in public displays of beauty [3]. By the 1920s, pageants such as Miss America helped build tourism while promoting elegance [4].
Rise Of International Pageantry
After the Second World War, international events such as Miss World and Miss Universe emerged as symbols of unity and cultural exchange [5,6]. Contestants represented their countries and participated in segments that assessed a wide range of qualities.
Modern competitions highlight intelligence and advocacy alongside appearance. Research shows that broader criteria influence how beauty queens act as role models and community advocates [7].
Cultural Implications Of Pageants
Pageants influence fashion, makeup, and body image. Media depictions have historically reinforced narrow beauty ideals, although representation is now widening to reflect diverse identities [8,9].
Promoting Diversity & Shifting Stereotypes
International platforms amplify voices from underrepresented communities, supporting social topics such as education and equality [10]. In some regions, pageantry has helped redefine national beauty expectations [11].
Pageantry & Social Change
Parallel contests during the civil rights era provided representation for excluded groups and promoted empowerment [12]. Beauty queens continue to highlight social causes, showing how pageantry connects with broader change [13].
Modern Pageantry Landscape
Television and social media have expanded pageantry’s reach, allowing wider engagement and participation [14]. Many competitions now value advocacy and cultural expression, helping align tradition with contemporary expectations [16].
Summary Of Pageant Influences
Theme
Influence
Beauty Standards
Shapes trends and challenges narrow ideals [8,9].
Representation
Expands visibility for diverse communities [10,11].
Social Change
Connects public platforms with advocacy [12,13].
Global Engagement
Media broadens cultural exchange [14].
Table 1: Key cultural influences of pageantry
Personalised Skincare & Confidence
Pageantry reflects shifting ideals that emphasise individuality and holistic beauty. Personalised skincare aligns with this approach by supporting skin health based on unique needs.
Monderma offers formulas that may support concerns such as acne, ageing skin, hyperpigmentation, or rosacea through evidence based prescription ingredients and tailored assessment.
Conclusion
Beauty pageants have influenced societal ideals of appearance, highlighting trends in fashion, self expression, and cultural identity. Their evolution demonstrates how perceptions of beauty adapt over time while celebrating individuality.
If you would like personalised skincare designed to support confidence and enhance your skin’s appearance, you can explore a tailored formula through Monderma.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Oxford University Press. The Greeks
University of Chicago Press. American Beauty
Columbia University Press. P T Barnum
McFarland & Company. Miss America history
Blake Publishing. Miss World
Journal of Popular Culture. Globalisation of beauty
University of California Press. Beauty pageants and identity
HarperCollins. Cultural views of beauty
Asian Studies Review. Redefining beauty standards
Oxford University Press. Beauty and race
African Identities. Pageantry in South Africa
University of North Carolina Press. Civil rights and beauty
Oxford University Press. Pageants in academia
International Journal of Communication. Media and global pageants
HarperCollins. Beauty criticism
Syracuse University Press. Gender and national identity
Peptides are widely used in skincare, and many people notice how these ingredients support texture and firmness as skin changes with age [1,3].
In this article we explain what peptides are, how they work within the skin, and why they are valued for supporting visible signs of ageing.
What Are Peptides?
Peptides are short amino acid chains that help form proteins such as collagen and elastin. These proteins maintain structure and elasticity, and peptide use may support their renewal [1,3].
Peptides & Cellular Communication
Peptides act as signals that help guide skin repair, collagen formation, and comfort. Research shows that peptide complexes can support collagen linked proteins within the skin [1].
Ageing & Peptide Need
As skin ages, natural peptide activity declines, reducing its ability to repair. Topical peptides may help maintain firmness and improve texture, offering gentle support across routines.
How Peptides Work In Skincare
Peptides may help stimulate collagen production and support firmness. Collagen levels naturally fall with age, and peptides may encourage renewal to improve lines and texture [1,3].
Collagen Support Mechanism
Peptides mimic protein fragments that signal repair. This may encourage collagen formation and support structure, helping offset natural collagen decline [4].
Long Term Benefits
Regular peptide use may gradually improve firmness and smoothness. Many people see benefits when serums or creams are used consistently within broader routines.
Complementary Ingredients
Peptides are often combined with hyaluronic acid or antioxidants to support hydration and provide environmental protection. These combinations help comfort dry or ageing skin [3].
Enhancing Skin Barrier Function
Peptides may support the barrier by helping the formation of proteins and lipids such as ceramides. This helps retain moisture and improves resilience for sensitive or dry skin [5].
Barrier Strength & Comfort
A healthy barrier protects against moisture loss and irritation. Peptides may help maintain this balance by supporting structural lipids that protect the outer layer.
Synergy With Key Ingredients
Ingredient combinations such as niacinamide or glycerin support barrier repair. These pairings can enhance comfort and hydration for many skin types [3].
Anti Inflammatory Properties
Some peptides may help reduce redness and irritation. These soothing properties support sensitive or acne prone skin and may ease discomfort linked with environmental stress [5].
Peptides & Inflammation
Inflammation can accelerate ageing. Peptides may help calm visible redness and support a more comfortable skin surface.
Support For Acne Prone Skin
Peptides may support healing without aggravating breakouts. Their gentle nature makes them suitable for many routines that prioritise balance [5].
Types Of Peptides In Skincare
Peptide Type
Function
Signal Peptides
Support collagen and elastin production
Carrier Peptides
Deliver trace elements that support repair
Enzyme Inhibitor Peptides
Help maintain collagen levels
Neurotransmitter Peptides
Support relaxation of expression linked lines
Table 1: Common peptide types
Popular Peptide Products
Peptide serums offer concentrated support and layer easily within routines. Peptide creams provide nourishment and are often used at night for repair. Masks deliver short term hydration and firmness.
Suitability For Different Skin Types
Peptides are usually well tolerated across skin types. Patch testing can help ensure comfort, especially for sensitive skin or acne prone concerns [3].
Conclusion
Peptides can support ageing skin by improving texture, firmness, and hydration, helping the skin feel smoother and more resilient. Their versatility allows them to be incorporated into serums, creams, and masks for targeted benefits.
If you would like personalised skincare designed to complement peptide based routines and enhance overall skin health, you can explore a tailored formula through Monderma.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Int J Mol Sci. Anti wrinkle peptide benefits
Curr Protein & Peptide Science. Signal peptides in cosmetics
Cosmetics. Bioactive peptides in skincare
StatPearls Publishing. Collagen synthesis
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). Peptides for sensitive skin
Fungal skin infections are common, and many people notice irritation or itch in warm areas where moisture collects, particularly during busy daily routines [2].
In this article we outline causes, symptoms, and treatments for fungal skin infections, and we explain how antifungal creams support comfort and recovery.
Causes Of Fungal Skin Infections
Fungi grow in warm, moist environments and often affect the feet, groin, armpits, or skin folds. Conditions include athlete’s foot, jock itch, ringworm, and yeast infections from Candida species [2].
Symptoms Of Fungal Infection
Symptom
Description
Redness or rash
Red or pink patches with a scaly edge [2].
Itching or burning
Persistent itch or discomfort in moist areas [2].
Cracked or scaly skin
Peeling or dryness common in athlete’s foot [2].
Blisters or pustules
Small fluid filled bumps in some cases [2].
Skin discolouration
Lighter or darker patches on affected areas [2].
Table 1: Common symptoms
These symptoms may worsen over time, and seeking advice can help prevent spreading or irritation.
How Fungal Infections Spread
Fungi spread through close contact or shared surfaces, including shower floors or gym equipment. Items like towels, socks, or shoes can hold fungi and increase risk if hygiene is inconsistent [3].
Risk Factors For Infection
Risk Factor
Explanation
Warm, humid climate
Heat and moisture support fungal growth [2].
Excessive sweating
Damp skin encourages infection [2].
Tight clothing
Restrictive garments trap moisture [2].
Weakened immune system
Higher susceptibility during illness or treatment [4].
Sharing personal items
Towels or clothing can carry fungi [3].
Walking barefoot in public
Common source of athlete’s foot [3].
Table 2: Risk factors
Treatment Options In Fungal Infection
Antifungal creams treat mild fungal skin infections and work by disrupting fungal cell membranes. Terbinafine or imidazoles, including clotrimazole, are suggested first line for non extensive infections [1].
How Antifungal Creams Work
Clotrimazole and miconazole support care for athlete’s foot, jock itch, or ringworm [1]. Terbinafine may be used for more extensive dermatophyte infections, while ketoconazole helps with yeast related concerns [2,4].
Research supports clotrimazole for tinea pedis and tinea cruris with minimal side effects [5].
Selecting An Antifungal Cream
Choice depends on the type and severity of infection. Mild cases may respond to over the counter creams, while persistent infection may need professional guidance or prescription strength options [1].
Applying Antifungal Cream
Clean and dry skin before applying a thin layer that extends beyond the visible rash. Wash hands after use, apply as directed for the full course, and maintain consistency to reduce recurrence [1,3].
Preventing Fungal Skin Infections
Prevention focuses on keeping skin clean and dry, wearing loose clothing, and changing out of damp items promptly. Antifungal powders may help prevent athlete’s foot, and avoiding shared items reduces transmission [3].
When To Seek Medical Care
If symptoms persist, worsen, or appear severe, clinical review is important. Referral may be needed when diagnosis is uncertain or when infection affects children or extensive areas [1].
Monderma’s Role In Skin Support
Monderma does not treat fungal infections directly. However, personalised prescription skincare may help with redness or irritation that sometimes accompanies skin concerns. Ingredients like azelaic acid or niacinamide can support skin comfort and barrier resilience.
Conclusion
Fungal skin infections can be managed effectively with proper hygiene, targeted antifungal treatments, and awareness of triggers. Early recognition and consistent care help reduce discomfort and promote clearer, healthier skin.
If you would like personalised skincare designed to complement antifungal care and support overall skin health, you can explore a tailored formula through Monderma.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
NICE CKS. Fungal skin infection
Medical News Today. Fungal infections
NHS. Antifungal medicines
StatPearls Publishing. Antifungal antibiotics
IP Indian J Clin Exp Dermatol. Clotrimazole and fungal infection
Celsus remains an important figure in medical history, and many people recognise how early writings still influence the way skin concerns are described and understood today [1,2].
In this article we explore Celsus’s contributions, his observations on skin disease, and the way ancient Roman medicine shaped approaches that continue to inform modern practice.
Celsus As A Roman Scholar
Celsus lived during the reign of Tiberius and wrote across subjects that included medicine, agriculture, and military practice [1,2]. His surviving medical work offers rare insight into Roman medicine.
De Medicina As A Central Text
De Medicina contains eight books covering diet, pharmacy, surgery, and skin disease. It gives early descriptions of lesions, molluscum contagiosum, and skin tag, reflecting Roman approaches to care [1,2].
Skin Diseases In Roman Medicine
Roman physicians used observation to guide decisions. Celsus viewed skin efflorescences as isolated conditions or signs of generalised health concerns and documented them in practical detail [2].
Lesions & Ancient Observation
Celsus described lesions based on visible characteristics and simple classifications. These observations reflect early empirical methods that preceded modern understanding [1,2].
Molluscum Contagiosum In Context
Celsus did not name molluscum contagiosum, although his descriptions suggest awareness of similar conditions. Modern care recognises it as a viral infection that causes spots on the skin, usually resolving on its own [4,5].
Lesions appear pink or pearly white with central umbilication, and most cases occur in children and young adults through close contact or shared objects [4,5]. Weakened immunity may prolong symptoms [5].
Treatment Approaches In Ancient Rome
Celsus recommended poultices, ointments, and minor surgical procedures for skin concerns [1,2]. His methods reflected available resources and emphasised careful observation.
Current care for molluscum contagiosum includes watchful waiting or gentle removal in persistent cases, and some people may be offered cryotherapy for specific lesions [4,5].
Contributions To Dermatology
Celsus documented early descriptions of skin tag and related conditions, offering foundations for later study [1,2,3]. His methodical approach mirrors the attention to detail used in modern dermatology.
Ancient & Modern Perspectives
Aspect
Ancient Description by Celsus
Skin Lesions
Observed features and simple classifications
Molluscum Contagiosum
Similar nodular conditions described
Skin Tag
Included within broader skin growth observations
Aspect
Modern Understanding
Skin Lesions
Multifactorial causes including infection [1,2]
Molluscum Contagiosum
Recognised viral condition [4,5]
Skin Tag
Benign growths common in adults [3]
Table 1: Comparing ancient and modern views
Celsus Within Roman Medicine
Roman medicine blended Greek influence with empirical thought, and Celsus’s work illustrates this balance. His writing shows how observation shaped theory and care within the Roman Empire [1,2].
Comparing Ancient Texts
Celsus’s De Medicina has been compared with works by Hippocrates and Galen. His text stands out for its practical structure and broad coverage of skin, surgery, and general health [1,2].
Innovations & Limitations
Celsus worked without knowledge of microbes and used observation rather than controlled study. These limits highlight differences with modern care, although his documentation remains valuable [2].
Conclusion
Celsus’s work provides a window into early medical thought, illustrating how ancient descriptions of skin disease influenced later dermatological practices. His observations laid the groundwork for more systematic approaches to skin health.
If you would like personalised skincare inspired by evidence based dermatology principles, you can explore a tailored formula through Monderma.
References
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. Celsus and skin disease
Dermatologie (Heidelb). Celsus and Roman medical writing
Squalane is growing in popularity, and many people recognise its gentle texture when looking for hydration that feels comfortable across changing skin needs [1].
In this article we explain how squalane differs from squalene, how it supports hydration, and why it suits concerns such as acne, dry skin, and oily skin.
Understanding Squalane & Squalene
Squalane is the hydrogenated form of squalene, a lipid that occurs naturally within human sebum and helps maintain skin moisture [1]. Squalene is vital, although it oxidises quickly [2].
Hydrogenation stabilises squalene and creates squalane, which remains shelf friendly, lightweight, and less likely to clog pores. This stability supports its role across skincare [1,3].
Squalene & Squalane Compared
Feature
Squalene
Source
Naturally in skin, shark liver, plants
Stability
Unstable, oxidises quickly
Skincare Use
Limited due to oxidation
Feature
Squalane
Source
Hydrogenated from squalene
Stability
Stable with a long shelf life
Skincare Use
Used widely in oils and cleansers
Table 1: Differences between squalene and squalane
Key Benefits Of Squalane
Squalane oil offers a light, non greasy texture that suits all skin types. It hydrates, supports barrier comfort, and remains suitable for acne prone and oily skin [4,5].
Deep Hydration & Comfort
Squalane mimics natural moisturising factors and absorbs smoothly without heaviness [4,5]. It acts as an emollient that supports hydration and comfort for dry skin or sensitive types [1,3].
Support For Acne Prone Skin
Squalane is non comedogenic, meaning it does not clog pores. Emollients can support skin barrier function without worsening acne, and squalane is generally suitable for sensitive skin [4,5].
Balancing Moisture Levels
Although direct evidence for sebum regulation is limited, squalane integrates well with skin lipids and helps maintain balanced moisture in combination or oily skin types [4,5].
Squalane Benefit Summary
Benefit
Description
Deep Hydration
Hydrates without greasiness
Non Comedogenic
Supports barrier comfort without clogging pores
Moisture Balance
Helps maintain balanced hydration levels
Table 2: Key squalane benefits
Versatile Uses In Skincare
Squalane can act as a daily moisturiser, a gentle cleanser, or a supportive step alongside other ingredients. Squalane cleansers lift impurities and makeup while maintaining hydration [3].
People often use squalane to reduce dryness on hair ends, add comfort beneath makeup, or blend into routines for sensitive skin. Its gentle nature makes it adaptable.
Conclusion
Squalane provides lightweight hydration while helping maintain balanced oil levels, making it suitable for dry, oily, and acne prone skin. Its gentle texture and stability support smooth, comfortable skin without clogging pores.
If you would like personalised skincare that complements the benefits of squalane for your own skin type, you can explore a tailored formula through Monderma.
References
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
Adv Food Nutr Res. Biological importance of squalene and squalane
Carbuncles are painful clusters of boils that many people notice during periods of skin stress, and they often arise when bacteria enter deeper layers of skin [1,2,3].
In this article we explain what causes carbuncles, how they present, and why early care helps reduce discomfort, complications, and recurrence.
What Are Carbuncles?
Carbuncles develop when several hair follicles become infected at the same time, creating swollen, pus filled nodules that sit deeper within the skin [1,2,4].
Boils & Carbuncles Compared
Boils involve a single inflamed follicle, while carbuncles represent a wider infection affecting several nearby follicles with greater depth and discomfort [1,2,4].
Causes Of Carbuncles
Staphylococcus aureus commonly triggers these infections, including strains linked with MRSA or PVL producing bacteria [2,4,5]. This organism may live harmlessly on skin until entry points appear [3,4].
Factors That Increase Risk
Factor
Description
Poor Hygiene
Limited cleansing allows bacteria to multiply [2,3].
Weakened Immunity
Diabetes or other conditions reduce defence [2,3].
Skin Issues
Acne or eczema create openings for bacteria [3].
Close Contact
Sharing items increases spread risk [2,3].
Age
More common in teens and young adults [2,3].
Table 1: Contributing factors for carbuncles
Symptoms & Diagnosis
Carbuncles appear as red, tender, swollen masses with several drainage points. Some people experience fever or fatigue, and complications such as cellulitis may occur [1,3,4].
Doctors diagnose mainly through clinical appearance, and cultures may be taken in recurrent or severe cases to guide care [2,3,4].
Treatment Approaches
Treatment
Description
Home Care
Warm compresses may localise infection and support drainage. Good hygiene lowers spread risk [2,3,4].
Medical Care
Incision and drainage help larger carbuncles. Antibiotics may be needed when symptoms are spreading or systemic [1,4,5].
Monitoring
Rapid or recurrent cases need prompt review [1,4].
Table 2: Treatment options
Preventing Carbuncles
Prevention focuses on regular cleansing to reduce bacterial load, avoiding shared personal items, and managing chronic conditions to support skin resilience [3,4].
Skin injuries benefit from gentle cleaning, covering, and ongoing care to prevent bacterial entry. Some recurrent cases may require decolonisation strategies [4,5].
Related Skin Conditions
Folliculitis or hidradenitis suppurativa may look similar at early stages, yet carbuncles are distinguished by depth, pus formation, and the likelihood of systemic symptoms [1,3,4].
Conclusion
Carbuncles can be uncomfortable, but prompt attention, proper hygiene, and appropriate medical care help minimise complications and support faster healing. Understanding triggers and early signs is key to preventing recurrence.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
NHS UK. Infections of the skin
InformedHealth.org. Overview: Boils and carbuncles
Dermatology has evolved through shifts in understanding, and many readers recognise how daily skin changes often reflect broader diagnostic patterns used in clinical care.
In this article we outline how humoral ideas shaped early dermatology, how morphology replaced these beliefs after 1800, and why these developments continue to inform diagnosis.
Ancient Practice & Humoral Views
Humoral thinking linked eruptions to shifts in blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. Care aimed to correct fluid balance rather than observe detailed skin features.
Early Developments Before 1800
Year
Event
c.1550 BC
Ebers Papyrus describes empirical care [1].
c.460 BC
Hippocrates links eruptions to humours.
129 AD
Galen standardises humoral diagnostics.
1025
Avicenna integrates humoral concepts [1].
1572
Mercuriali publishes first skin text.
1714
Turner blends notes with humoral ideas.
1777
Lorry describes skin as an organ.
Table 1: Pre 1800 developments
Plenck & Willan As Key Figures
Plenck classified 115 conditions by features such as spots, crusts, pustules, vesicles, and scales [1]. This terminology supported clearer communication across practice.
Willan refined this structure into papules, scales, rashes, bullae, pustules, vesicles, tubercles, and macules with illustrated detail [7]. His work shaped modern descriptions used for eczema, psoriasis, and infections.
Post 1800 Scientific Growth
Year
Event
1801
Saint Louis Hospital established for dermatology.
1808
Willan completes On Cutaneous Diseases [7].
1813
Bateman broadens access to morphology.
1836
First US skin clinic documented [1].
1856
Hebra integrates pathology [1].
1894
Unna advances histopathology [1].
1903
Finsen develops phototherapy [1].
1963
Lasers enter dermatology [1].
1970s
Fitzpatrick scale introduced.
2020s
AI supports lesion analysis [4].
Table 2: Post 1800 progress
Morphology In Clinical Diagnosis
Morphology guides recognition of conditions such as epidermolysis bullosa, where fragile skin forms fluid filled blisters [8]. It also helps describe macules, papules, and raised tubercles [1].
Cancer assessment relies on lesion form. Basal cell carcinoma grows slowly in the epidermis [3], while squamous cell carcinoma forms firm pink lumps originating from keratinocyte cells [2]. Microscopy confirms these findings.
Psoriasis arises when immune activity accelerates cell turnover, and morphology supports early recognition and care [5]. These visual features remain central across practice.
Humoral Vs Morphological Understanding
Humoral practice viewed acne as excess heat or fluid, while morphology describes lesions by form. This clarity supports care across common UK concerns, including acne and psoriasis, which affects 1.3 to 2.2% of adults [5,6].
AI tools now assess lesions to support early triage [4]. These advances show how morphology continues to guide diagnostic confidence and clinical outcomes.
Conclusion
The work of Plenck and Willan shifted dermatology from humoral theories to careful observation, laying the foundation for modern terminology, diagnosis, and evidence based treatments. Their contributions continue to inform how skin conditions are understood and managed today.
If you would like personalised skincare informed by modern dermatological principles, you can explore a tailored formula through Monderma.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Clinics (Sao Paulo). History of dermatology
The Christie NHS Foundation Trust. Squamous cell carcinoma
Sandwell & West Birmingham NHS Trust. Basal cell carcinoma
NICE recommends DERM for early use within the NHS
Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS. Psoriasis management guidelines
Tretinoin cream supports clearer, smoother skin through increased cell turnover. Many readers relate to concerns about acne, fine lines, and uneven tone, which tretinoin can address.
In this article, the science behind tretinoin, its benefits, and its place in a supportive skincare routine are explored with guidance for safe, consistent use.
The Science Behind Tretinoin
Tretinoin speeds renewal, helping release old cells and reveal smoother skin. This action may support acne care and help refine tone and texture [1].
Cellular Renewal & Turnover
Renewal slows over time, and build up can affect clarity. Tretinoin encourages steady shedding to support a more even surface and reduce blocked pores [1,5].
Mechanism Of Action
Tretinoin binds to retinoic acid receptors, encouraging healthier cell behaviour. This process supports texture, clarity, and overall skin function [2,3].
Benefits Beyond Acne
Tretinoin may help stimulate collagen and improve lines and texture. This makes it a useful choice for those seeking broad skin rejuvenation [4].
Key Benefits & Mechanisms
Feature or Benefit
Descriptor
Accelerates cell turnover
Supports renewal
Unclogs pores
Helps reduce congestion
Collagen support
Evidence suggests benefit [4]
Sun affected skin
May aid photoaged areas [4]
Anti inflammatory
Supported by clinical data [2]
Suitable types
Assessed individually [1,10]
Irritation risk
Possible as skin adjusts
Prescription only
Yes
Long term use
Often recommended
Table 1: Key benefits & mechanisms
Tretinoin & Retinol
Retinol converts to retinoic acid, while tretinoin acts directly. This difference explains its greater potency and faster results, with higher irritation risk [1,9].
Potency & Efficacy
Factor
Tretinoin
Retinol
Route
Direct action
Needs conversion
Potency
Higher
Lower
Speed
Faster
Slower
Irritation
Higher
Lower
Access
Prescription
OTC
Table 2: Potency & efficacy
Suitability For Skin Types
Tretinoin suits resilient skin seeking marked improvement, while retinol may be easier for sensitive types. Gradual introduction helps support comfort [1,10].
Gradual Introduction To Retinoids
Starting slowly eases dryness risk. Progressing from gentler vitamin A options to tretinoin can support tolerance and maintain results [1,8].
Navigating The Tretinoin Purge
A temporary purge may appear as deeper congestion surfaces. This phase usually settles within weeks as turnover balances [6].
Coping During Adjustment
Gentle cleansing, hydrating moisturisers, and limited other actives can support comfort. Review with a clinician if concerns arise [1,10].
Professional Guidance
Dermatologist advice supports safe progress, ingredient pairing, and long term planning to maintain results [1,10].
Tretinoin & Adapalene
Factor
Tretinoin
Adapalene
Irritation risk
Higher
Lower
Onset
Similar
Similar
Best for
Firm lines, acne
Mild acne, sensitivity
Access
Prescription
Some non prescription forms
Table 3: Comparative tolerability
Integrating Tretinoin Cream
Night use is typical. Apply to clean, dry skin, then follow with hydrating products. Daily sunscreen is essential, as skin becomes more sensitive [8,10].
Building A Supportive Routine
Pair with soothing, hydrating steps, and pause strong actives during early use. This supports progress with fewer setbacks.
Patience & Persistence
Tretinoin works gradually. Continued, guided use supports long term clarity and texture improvement across concerns [1,10].
Acne & Anti Ageing Benefits
Tretinoin may help with acne and fine lines by supporting cell renewal and collagen stimulation for improved smoothness [1,4].
Addressing Multiple Concerns
It may also support tone, sun affected skin, and ongoing skin health, making it a versatile part of targeted routines.
Long Term Use & Maintenance
Ongoing use helps maintain results. Regular review ensures strength, frequency, and supporting steps remain suitable [1,10].
Collaboration With Dermatologists
Professional oversight helps balance progress with comfort and ensures safe ingredient integration.
Conclusion
Tretinoin is a clinically supported option for acne, ageing, and pigmentary concerns, helping improve texture, reduce breakouts, and support overall skin clarity. Early phases, such as the tretinoin purge, are usually temporary when the product is introduced gradually with supportive routines.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
Bibliography
NHS. Acne Treatment. NHS.
Schmidt N, Gans EH. Tretinoin Anti inflammatory Review. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology.
DrugBank. Tretinoin Mechanisms. DrugBank.
Detmar M, Orfanos CE. Tretinoin for Sun Aged Skin. Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin.
Bowe WP, Shalita AR. OTC Acne Options. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery.
Miiskin. Tretinoin Purge Overview. Miiskin.
Tu P et al. Adapalene vs Tretinoin. International Journal of Dermatology.
Milia often appear as small white bumps around eyes or on cheeks, and although harmless, they can cause cosmetic concern. Understanding why they form helps support clearer, healthier skin.
In this article we outline what causes milia, explore treatment options, and highlight gentle approaches that support long term skin comfort and clarity.
What Are Milia?
Milia are tiny cysts filled with keratin, forming when dead skin cells become trapped beneath the surface. These small white bumps differ from acne because they are not caused by bacteria or excess oil [1,3].
They arise when the skin does not exfoliate normally, allowing keratin to accumulate. Milia are usually 1 to 2 mm and typically painless [2,3].
Common Areas For Milia
Milia most often appear on the face, especially around the eyes, cheeks, and nose. They may also form on the scalp or upper trunk. In newborn babies, milk spots are very common and affect about half of infants [1,4].
Causes Of Milia
Cause
Description
Skin Damage
Sun exposure or blistering injuries may disrupt exfoliation, trapping dead cells and forming milia [5].
Heavy Skincare Products
Thick or oil based products may hinder natural exfoliation and promote milia [2].
Skin Conditions
Blistering disorders can lead to secondary milia during healing [3].
Ageing
Slower turnover with age increases the risk of keratin buildup [1].
Genetic Factors
Rare conditions may be associated with juvenile milia [3].
Table 1: Common causes of milia
Summary: Milia develop when keratin becomes trapped beneath the skin due to disrupted exfoliation, ageing, skin damage, or product related factors.
Types Of Milia
Neonatal milia are common in newborn babies and usually resolve quickly [4]. Primary milia appear spontaneously in adults or children and may persist [2]. Secondary milia follow trauma such as burns or procedures, or arise from topical medicines [5].
Milia en plaque involves grouped milia on raised patches and is rare [3]. Multiple eruptive milia involve sudden crops of bumps on the face or trunk [1].
Milia Treatment Options
Over time, many milia resolve naturally, especially in newborns. Others may benefit from focused treatment.
Over The Counter Products
Exfoliating products containing AHAs or BHAs encourage normal turnover and may help prevent milia [2]. Topical retinoids like adapalene may support exfoliation, although evidence specific to milia is limited [3].
Professional Treatments
Treatment
Description
Manual Extraction
A dermatologist creates a tiny opening and removes the keratin safely. This should only be done professionally [1].
Chemical Peels
Acids exfoliate the surface and may reduce recurrence [3].
Laser Treatment
Laser therapy removes milia with low scarring risk, helpful for persistent bumps [5].
Table 2: Professional options for milia removal
Home Remedies
Remedy
Description
Caution
Regular Exfoliation
Gentle exfoliation may prevent buildup.
Avoid over exfoliation.
Steam Treatment
May soften the skin to aid removal.
Limited evidence, avoid excess heat.
Honey Mask
Natural exfoliating properties may support skin health.
Allergy risk.
Table 3: Home approaches for milia support
Attempting to squeeze or pop milia can cause scarring or infection and is not advised [2].
Preventing Milia
Prevention Tip
Description
Use Gentle Skincare Products
Choose oil free, non comedogenic products to avoid obstruction [2].
Protect Skin From Sun Damage
Daily broad spectrum sunscreen helps reduce sun related milia formation [5].
Maintain A Regular Skincare Routine
Consistent cleansing and moisturising support turnover [3].
Avoid Heavy Makeup
Lightweight products help prevent surface obstruction [1].
Table 4: Prevention strategies
Summary: Gentle products, sun protection, and consistent care help minimise milia formation.
When To Visit A Dermatologist
Consult a dermatologist if milia persist, cause discomfort, or affect confidence. Persistent milia may indicate underlying skin conditions that benefit from assessment and tailored care [3].
Conclusion
Milia are common and often improve with steady habits that support smooth, comfortable skin. Gentle exfoliation, sun protection, and professional removal when needed can help reduce their persistence over time.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
Teen skincare is shaped by fast moving online trends, and many routines promoted on TikTok can overwhelm developing skin. Parents often notice irritation or stress when teens follow advice not suited to young skin. Understanding these risks supports safer choices.
In this article we explore how social media influences teen skincare, summarise recent research, and outline steps that help protect skin health and confidence.
The Rise Of TikTok Skincare Culture
TikTok content shapes popular TikTok trends as creators promote serums, acids, and retinoids to achieve glass skin. Many cosmetics for teenagers are designed for mature skin, placing pressure on teens to adopt routines that may cause harm [1]. Parents benefit from understanding how these trends influence behaviour.
What The Study Found
The Paediatrics study reviewed 100 TikTok skincare videos from creators aged 7 to 18 and identified patterns that explain why teen skin is increasingly reactive [1].
Finding
Details
Active Ingredients
Teens used an average of 11 active ingredients per routine, including retinoids, AHAs, and BHAs, which may irritate young skin.
Risk of Harm
These ingredients increase risks of redness, allergies, and sun sensitivity, potentially causing burns or chronic sensitivity.
Sunscreen Neglect
Only 26% used sunscreen despite actives heightening UV damage risks linked to premature ageing and skin cancer.
Age Inappropriate Products
Many products suited mature skin, not the more resilient yet delicate teen skin barrier.
Financial Burden
Routines cost an average of 130 pounds, and some exceeded 500 pounds, creating pressure to overspend.
Table 1: Key findings from the Paediatrics study
Summary: These TikTok trends disrupt the skin’s natural barrier, risking long term dermatological issues and financial strain [1].
Why These Trends Are Dangerous
Teen skin continues to develop the protective barrier that maintains hydration. Overusing actives such as retinoids, designed for wrinkles, may cause peeling in teens experiencing normal hormonal changes. AHAs and BHAs thin the skin if overused and may trigger flare ups or sensitivity.
UV protection is essential because actives heighten sun sensitivity, increasing risks of sunspots or long term effects. The study confirms that young people may face greater UV impact when actives are used without consistent SPF [1].
The effects of social media extend to emotional wellbeing. Teens may feel pressure to match unrealistic beauty standards, which can affect confidence. Financial pressure created by promoted routines highlights further harm [2].
Why This Matters?
Social media platforms amplify misinformation, and many TikTok users follow advice from creators without dermatology experience. The study highlights a public health concern, emphasising the need for education on simple, age appropriate skincare [1].
These disadvantages of social media also shape mental health as beauty ideals circulate quickly. Supporting young people with practical guidance encourages healthier habits [1,2].
How Parents Can Help
Parents support safer skincare by helping teens understand appropriate choices.
Action
Guidance
Educate On Basics
Teach that teen skin benefits from a gentle cleanser, light moisturiser, and SPF 30. Actives are rarely needed before age 16 unless prescribed.
Review Products
Check labels for strong actives such as retinol or glycolic acid and choose gentle, fragrance free options.
Prioritise Sunscreen
Encourage daily SPF 30 use and reapply during sun exposure to limit UV damage.
Set Budgets
Discuss affordable, effective products to reduce pressure from influencer marketing.
Monitor Social Media
Talk about online influence and help teens assess credibility.
Consult A Dermatologist
Seek advice for acne or concerns to ensure safe, evidence based treatment.
Table 2: Practical guidance for parents
A Safe Teen Skincare Routine
A dermatologist approved routine for teenage skincare keeps steps simple and consistent [1].
Low dose benzoyl peroxide prescribed for mild acne
Table 3: Example routine for teen skin
Non comedogenic and hypoallergenic products help prevent clogged pores, and consistency supports clearer skin.
Addressing The Bigger Picture
Parents can encourage media literacy to help teens evaluate advice shared by creators and friends. Supporting brands that emphasise age appropriate care builds confidence in routines that protect skin and wellbeing [2].
Conclusion
TikTok skincare trends can strongly influence teens, yet many of these routines rely on potent ingredients or unrealistic claims that may compromise young, sensitive skin. Encouraging safer habits and simple, evidence based care helps build long term confidence.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Hales M, Lagu T, Rigali S, Paller A, Liszewski W. Pediatric Skin Care Regimens on TikTok. Pediatrics. 2025.
CNN Health. Teen TikTok skin care craze may be harmful, study says. Published 2025.
In skincare, the ingredients omitted can shape how comfortably skin responds, especially for those seeking gentle formulas. This overview introduces why paraben free choices matter.
In this article, you will find clear explanations of six excluded ingredients and how their removal may support better tolerance, clarity, and long term skin comfort.
Understanding The Excluded Ingredients
Dyes
Monderma avoids dyes because these colourants may irritate skin or trigger allergies in some individuals [1]. Their removal supports a calmer and more uniform complexion.
Parabens
Parabens help preserve cosmetic products, yet they may irritate skin or mimic hormones [2]. Their exclusion offers reassurance for those wanting simpler and gentler care.
Mineral Oils
Mineral oils can block pores and trap debris, which may worsen acne in some people [3]. By avoiding them, formulas feel lighter and more breathable for daily use.
Sodium Lauryl Sulphate
SLS may remove natural oils and weaken the skin barrier [4]. Its absence helps maintain hydration and reduces the risk of dryness or surface tightness.
Propylene Glycol
Propylene glycol may irritate sensitive skin and is a known cause of contact dermatitis in some individuals [5]. Excluding it supports more comfortable hydration.
Petroleum
Petroleum is purified and safe, yet it can feel heavy and limit airflow. By omitting it, Monderma maintains a light feel that supports natural balance [6].
Ingredient Risks & Benefits Of Exclusion
Ingredient
Benefit Of Exclusion
Dyes
May reduce irritation for sensitive skin
Parabens
Supports gentler, more comfortable use
Mineral Oils
Helps avoid pore blockage and congestion
Sodium Lauryl Sulphate
Helps retain moisture and barrier strength
Propylene Glycol
Reduces risk of stinging or discomfort
Petroleum
Allows lighter feel and better breathability
Table 1: Key reasons for excluding common cosmetic ingredients
Why Choose Natural & Organic Alternatives
Gentler ingredients offer comfort, clarity, and support for those with sensitivity. Their use aligns with growing interest in cleaner routines and skin supportive choices.
Conclusion
Choosing skincare free from dyes, parabens, mineral oils, sodium lauryl sulphate, propylene glycol, and petroleum supports a gentler routine that respects the skin barrier. This approach helps minimise irritation, sensitivity, and breakouts for those seeking cleaner, calmer care.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
Freckles are common sun induced marks that many wish to soften for a more even tone, especially when they darken after sun exposure. Their behaviour often varies with season and skin type.
In this article the myths and facts surrounding freckle removal cream are explored to help clarify which methods deliver meaningful results and what individuals can expect over time.
What Are Freckles?
Freckles are small flat marks that appear on skin exposed to the sun, especially in lighter tones although all skin types can develop them. They arise from increased melanin at the surface.
Their colour ranges from red to brown and they usually deepen with sun exposure before softening again in winter. Freckles are hereditary and harmless, yet many seek pigmentation creams to support an even tone.
Myth 1: All Freckle Creams Are Alike
Not all creams contain actives proven to reduce pigmentation. Some feature hydroquinone, kojic acid, or glycolic acid which limit melanin or exfoliate layers of the skin [1]. Others are simple moisturisers with limited effect.
The best cream for pigmentation should contain validated ingredients and suitable support for the skin. The NHS advises using appropriate sun protection and seeking guidance for persistent concerns [5].
Myth 2: Freckle Creams Work Overnight
No pigmentation cream provides instant results. Evidence shows agents like retinoids or glycolic acid require eight to twelve weeks to soften marks [2]. Skin renewal follows natural cycles that need time.
Consistency is essential since missed applications slow progress. Using freckle removal cream together with methods to protect the skin from UV rays supports visible improvement.
Myth 3: Natural Ingredients Are Ineffective
Liquorice extract with liquiritin, vitamin C, and niacinamide demonstrate pigment reducing properties supported by research [3]. These ingredients soothe the skin and can be paired with glycolic acid for stronger results.
Such combinations help create pigmentation removal cream that suits sensitive or dark skin while supporting long term tolerance.
Myth 4: Creams Are The Only Option
Topical creams are helpful yet other treatments exist. Laser therapy can break down melanin at speed although several sessions may be required [4]. Chemical peels containing glycolic acid or microdermabrasion also renew the layers of the skin effectively.
Combining cream with procedures often helps those asking how to get rid of freckles reach their goals faster when guided by a dermatologist.
Myth 5: Freckles Cannot Be Prevented
Genetics play a role but sun exposure strongly influences freckles. The NHS recommends SPF thirty daily to protect the skin [5]. Antioxidant serums further reduce the impact of UV exposure.
Hats and shade support long term tone maintenance across varied skin types.
Choosing The Right Freckle Cream
Selecting the best cream for pigmentation involves checking for proven actives like hydroquinone or glycolic acid supported by clinical evidence [2]. Dark or sensitive skin often requires gentler formulations.
Feedback from others can help guide choices and dermatologists can advise when creams or treatments like lasers may be appropriate. Monderma’s personalised custom formula includes hydroquinone as a core ingredient for targeted pigmentation care.
Conclusion
Freckle removal creams can help soften pigmentation when used consistently and combined with sun protection and supportive treatments such as glycolic acid or laser options. Understanding how these creams work allows for more realistic expectations and steadier progress.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Arndt KA, Fitzpatrick TB. Topical Use of Hydroquinone as a Depigmenting Agent. JAMA. 1965.
Sarkar R, et al. Comparative Study of Glycolic Acid and Other Peels. J Cutaneous Aesthetic Surgery. 2019.
Kang MH, et al. Antioxidant and Anti Melanogenic Activities of Heat Treated Licorice Extract. PMC. 2021.
Blue light exposure is now a daily experience, and many notice changes in skin comfort and clarity when screen use increases across work and home settings.
In this article we explore what blue light is, how it affects skin and eyes, and which evidence based steps may support long term skin vitality.
Understanding Blue Light
Blue light is part of visible light and appears in sunlight, as well as LED light from phones, tablets, and computers. It reaches deep into skin and eyes [1].
Greater use of LED light has increased overall exposure, and research continues to assess how this form of light influences biological processes [2].
What Blue Light Does To Skin
Prolonged exposure may trigger reactive oxygen species that affect collagen and elastin. This may contribute to lines, dullness, and uneven tone [3].
Some studies show that blue light may deepen pigmentation, especially in darker skin tones, due to increased melanin activity after exposure [4].
Skin Concern
Blue Light Effect
Ageing
May weaken collagen and elastin [3]
Hyperpigmentation
May enhance melanin activity [4]
Skin barrier
Possible long term disruption [5]
Table 1: Skin changes linked with blue light
Short exposure may have mild effects, yet repeated exposure may influence texture, tone, and barrier comfort over time [5].
Eye Comfort & Blue Light
Extended screen use may contribute to eye strain with dryness, blurred vision, and headaches. Blue light may intensify these effects during long sessions [6].
Although blue light is less harmful than UV for the retina, evidence on long term impact remains limited, and research continues [7].
Blue Light Protection
Blue light glasses may filter part of the spectrum. Lenses that block over 30 percent of blue light may reduce fatigue during concentrated screen work [8].
Device filters such as night mode may reduce short wavelength intensity. This may also support sleep by helping maintain melatonin activity [9].
Benefit
How Filters Help
Reduced strain
Less intense short wavelength light [6]
Better sleep
Supports natural melatonin cycles [9]
Table 2: Benefits of blue light filters
UV Protection & Screens
UV protection glasses remain essential for outdoor exposure. UV rays have stronger links with ageing and eye conditions, so 100 percent UV coverage is advised [10].
Blue light glasses do not replace UV protection outside, and both methods support overall eye comfort in different environments.
Skincare To Balance Blue Light
Antioxidants may support the skin response to reactive oxygen species formed by blue light. They help maintain clarity and firmness [3].
Broad spectrum sunscreen adds a layer against visible light and helps protect against pigmentation changes linked with exposure [5].
Strategy
How It Helps
Antioxidants
Neutralise reactive oxygen species
Sunscreen
Adds support for tone stability
Screen breaks
Reduce cumulative exposure
Table 3: Supportive skincare strategies
Taking short pauses from screens may ease both eye strain and skin stress by limiting repeated bursts of high energy visible light.
LEDs & Home Environments
LED lighting provides energy efficiency yet emits more blue light than older bulbs. This may add to daily exposure even in indoor settings [2].
Understanding these sources helps individuals adjust habits, choosing softer lighting in the evening or reducing glare where possible.
Conclusion
Blue light exposure is part of daily life and may influence ageing, pigmentation, and overall skin comfort over time. Supportive routines that focus on hydration, antioxidants, and steady protection can help maintain balance.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
NHS. Sunglasses and UV Light.
Suitthimeathegorn O et al. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology.
Coats JG et al. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology.
Duteil L et al. International Journal of Cosmetic Science.
Kleinpenning MM et al. Photodermatology Photoimmunology Photomedicine.
Ceresnie MS et al. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences.
Vicente Tejedor J et al. Journal of Clinical Medicine.
Retinal offers a gentle way to support skin renewal and may help reduce early signs of ageing. Many individuals notice changes in skin texture with consistent use.
In this article we explore how retinal works, how it compares to other retinoids, and how to use retinal cream safely within a balanced routine.
Understanding Retinoids & Skin
Retinoids are vitamin A derivatives that help refine texture and support collagen. They may also improve tone and target visible signs of ageing such as fine lines [1].
These compounds vary in strength. Prescription retinoids act quickly, while options like retinol and retinaldehyde support gradual improvement across a wider range of skin types [2].
What Sets Retinal Apart
Retinal sits one step away from retinoic acid, so it converts more efficiently than retinol [4]. This may support faster visible results, although timelines vary [5].
It may also reduce fine lines and improve texture with less irritation than stronger retinoids, making it suitable for sensitive or blemish prone skin [6].
Retinaldehyde vs Retinol
Aspect
Retinol
Retinal
Conversion steps
Two steps to retinoic acid
One step to retinoic acid
Potency
Slower acting
More potent and efficient
Speed of results
Often 8 to 12 weeks [7]
Often 4 to 8 weeks [6]
Irritation
May cause redness
Gentler for sensitive skin [5]
Common uses
Ageing, acne, tone
Ageing, acne, texture
Table 1: Comparison of retinal and retinol
Retinol converts slowly through two steps, which may delay results. Retinal requires only one step and often offers quicker visible changes [6,7].
Its lower irritation potential also makes it appealing for individuals who wish to use retinoids consistently without discomfort [5].
Key Benefits Of Retinal
Anti Ageing Support
Retinal may boost collagen, helping maintain firmness and soften fine lines. Regular use may support long term texture improvement [3].
Acne Management
Retinal helps unclog pores and may reduce inflammation. It also shows antibacterial activity that can support clearer skin with fewer breakouts [8].
Texture & Tone Improvement
By encouraging cell turnover, retinal may reduce dark spots and refine uneven texture, helping skin appear smoother and more radiant [2].
Suitable For Sensitive Skin
Retinal may cause less irritation than stronger retinoids, making it an option for those who find prescription formulas difficult to tolerate [5].
Retinal Benefits Summary
Benefit
Description
Anti ageing
Supports collagen and softens fine lines [3]
Acne support
Clears pores and reduces inflammation [6,8]
Tone and texture
Improves clarity and smoothness [2]
Sensitive skin
Gentler for many users [5]
Table 2: Benefits of retinal
Incorporating Retinal In Routine
Introduce retinal slowly to allow skin to adapt. Using it once or twice weekly at first may reduce the chance of redness or dryness [5].
Follow with a moisturiser containing hydrating ingredients such as ceramides or hyaluronic acid. Daily SPF 30 is essential to protect progress [9].
Choosing A Retinal Product
Consider your skin type when selecting a formula. Products with added niacinamide, peptides, or hydration support may offer extra comfort [9].
For concerns such as acne or pigmentation, a dermatologist may recommend complementary active ingredients to use alongside retinal.
Monderma’s Personalised Skincare Solutions
Monderma offers prescription retinoid treatments for ageing skin, acne, hyperpigmentation, and rosacea. Formulations with adapalene, tretinoin, or hydroquinone may support texture, tone, and clarity.
Through our free consultation, you receive tailored guidance that aligns active ingredients with your skin goals in a safe and structured way.
Conclusion
Retinal can support smoother texture, clearer pores, and visible radiance by converting efficiently to retinoic acid while remaining gentle enough for many skin types. With steady use and mindful introduction, it can become a reliable part of an effective routine.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Kang S et al. J Invest Dermatol.
Kafi R et al. Archives of Dermatology.
Kong R et al. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology.
Zasada M, Budzisz E. Postepy Dermatologii i Alergologii.
Fluhr JW et al. Dermatology.
Saurat JH et al. J Invest Dermatol.
Tucker Samaras S et al. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology.
Hyperkeratosis creates thickened skin that may feel rough or dry. Many people notice changes on areas that bear weight, especially the soles of the feet.
In this article we explore causes, symptoms, and diagnosis to help readers understand this common condition and recognise when support may be useful.
What Is Hyperkeratosis?
Hyperkeratosis occurs when excess keratin builds on the skin surface. This creates patches that may look rough or scaly and can appear in areas exposed to pressure [1].
It is common on the feet where hard dry skin, corns, calluses, or yellow soles may develop. These signs reflect a response to friction rather than a disease [1].
What Causes Hyperkeratosis
Hyperkeratosis often relates to everyday habits or underlying skin concerns. Awareness of these factors can support early care and prevention.
Cause
Description
Friction and pressure
Ill fitting shoes or repeated force create corns and calluses [2]
Skin conditions
Eczema or psoriasis may increase keratin build up [1]
Genetics
Some inherited forms appear from birth [4]
Environment
Irritants or vitamin A deficiency may contribute [5]
Table 1: Causes of hyperkeratosis
These factors influence how the skin thickens and help explain why the condition appears in predictable patterns such as the heels or balls of the feet.
Symptoms Of Hyperkeratosis
Hyperkeratosis often shows clear signs on the skin surface and may be easier to manage when noticed early.
Symptom
Description
Thickened skin
Noticeable thickening in areas of pressure
Rough texture
Dry rough patches that may feel firm
Yellow discolouration
Yellow soles caused by dead skin build up
Corns and calluses
Hard painful spots over bony areas
Cracked skin
Fissures that may cause discomfort
Table 2: Symptoms of hyperkeratosis
These signs may change as dead skin accumulates. Severe cases can alter the epidermal layering and create uneven texture on the soles [1].
Diagnosing Hyperkeratosis
Diagnosis usually involves a visual skin examination. A clinician may note thickened yellow skin or corns and calluses and discuss footwear, habits, or medical history [2].
Tests such as a skin biopsy may help rule out psoriasis or actinic keratosis. Blood tests may identify vitamin deficiencies linked to hyperkeratosis [3,5].
Treatment Options For Hyperkeratosis
Treatment aims to soften thickened skin, ease discomfort, and reduce friction on affected areas.
Topical creams containing urea or salicylic acid may soften hard dry skin and support gentle removal of dead cells on the feet [6].
Protective footwear and padded supports can reduce rubbing and prevent new corns or calluses. This is especially helpful for pressure related symptoms [2].
Lifestyle care such as regular moisturising and gentle exfoliation may support smoother skin. Keeping soles hydrated helps limit cracking [1,7].
Monderma’s Role In Skincare
Monderma offers personalised prescription skincare for concerns linked to texture, tone, and inflammation. These treatments may complement wider care for skin health.
You can explore tailored guidance through our personalised skincare review using our expert assessment to support your routine.
Minimising Hyperkeratosis
Consistent foot care may reduce recurrence. Moisturising prevents thick dead skin buildup, while supportive footwear eases pressure on the soles [1,2].
Gentle exfoliation with a foot file may maintain smooth skin and limit future hardening. This approach helps keep the feet comfortable [7].
Conclusion
Hyperkeratosis can be managed with steady care that softens thickened skin, reduces discomfort, and supports long term foot health. Understanding symptoms early and seeking appropriate treatment can help maintain comfort and prevent further build up.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Farci F, Mahabal GD. StatPearls.
Al Aboud AM, Yarrarapu SNS. StatPearls.
Charifa A, Badri T, Harris BW. StatPearls.
Peter Rout D, Nair A, Gupta A, Kumar P. Clinical Cosmetic Investigational Dermatology.
Maronn M, Allen DM, Esterly NB. Pediatric Dermatology.
Tattoos have long reflected identity and meaning, connecting people across time through shared patterns of expression and storytelling that remain relevant today.
In this article we explore their origins, cultural symbolism, and evolution. The journey from early markings to modern artistry reveals a rich global history.
Origins Of Tattooing
Tattooing dates back over five thousand years. Ötzi the Iceman carried simple line tattoos near joints, thought to ease pain or support early therapeutic practices [1].
These markings highlight the long presence of tattooing in ancient societies and show how early humans linked body art with wellbeing and spiritual protection.
Tattoos In Ancient Cultures
Tattooing shaped identity across many civilisations. Designs held cultural value and reflected beliefs about status, spirituality, and community roles.
Tattooing In Ancient Egypt
Women often carried tattoos linked to fertility and protection. Mummies such as Amunet show geometric designs on areas associated with childbirth and care [2].
These patterns suggest symbolic value and show how tattooing supported rituals that aligned with spiritual, social, and maternal roles in ancient life.
Tattoos In Ancient Greece & Rome
In Greece and Rome, tattoos often served punitive roles. Markings identified slaves, prisoners, or spies which contrasted with the symbolic uses seen in Egypt [3].
This shift shows how tattooing adapted to cultural needs, carrying different meanings while still acting as a form of visible social communication.
Tattoos & Polynesian Culture
Polynesian tatau represents a sacred art form linked to ancestry and achievement. Designs created with bone combs remain central to identity and social standing [4].
These tattoos reflect honour, heritage, and resilience and they remain a defining symbol of cultural pride across Polynesian communities.
Culture
Tattoo Purpose
Ancient Egypt
Fertility, protection, spiritual meaning [2]
Greece or Rome
Marking of slaves, criminals, spies [3]
Polynesia
Status, ancestry, achievement [4]
Table 1: Cultural roles of tattoos
Symbolism & Meaning Of Traditional Tattoos
For many groups tattoos hold symbolic weight, capturing stories that link personal identity with wider cultural traditions passed across generations.
Tattoos As Symbols Of Identity & Status
Māori ta moko captures lineage and achievement. Each design is unique and reflects a personal story that strengthens cultural belonging and heritage [5].
Tattoos For Protection & Spirituality
Sak Yant tattoos in Southeast Asia blend sacred scripts with protective intentions. These designs connect spiritual belief with artistic expression [6].
Tattoos & Prison Culture
Prison tattoos often express resilience or experience. Symbols such as teardrops may represent loss or time served and reflect personal history [7].
Development Of Tattooing Techniques
Tattooing methods evolved alongside human creativity. Tools, pigments, and approaches shifted as cultures exchanged ideas and technology advanced.
Traditional Hand Poked Tattoos
Early tattoos were hand poked using bone or metal tools. This meticulous method appears in Polynesian tatau and Japanese irezumi which emerged later [8].
Invention Of The Electric Tattoo Machine
The electric tattoo machine, patented by Samuel O Reilly in 1891, enabled faster and more intricate work and expanded access to tattoo artistry worldwide [9].
Tattoos In Modern Society
Modern tattoo culture embraces self expression and creativity. Designs now range from fine line art to hyper realistic portraits created through collaboration.
The Rise Of Tattoo Culture
By 2019 around thirty percent of adults in the United States had at least one tattoo which reflects the rising acceptance across generations [10].
Tattoos As A Form Of Art
Studios today function as creative spaces where clients and artists work together. Each tattoo becomes a unique piece shaped by personal meaning.
Monderma’s Role In Skin Health
Tattoos can sometimes lead to irritation or hyperpigmentation. Monderma offers prescription skincare for concerns such as redness or uneven tone.
If you would like tailored support, you can explore personalised guidance through our free consultation using our expert skincare assessment.
Conclusion
The long history of tattooing reflects how people across many cultures have used body art for protection, storytelling, and self expression. Its evolution into a modern creative practice highlights the enduring connection between skin, identity, and personal meaning.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Zink A, Samadelli M, Gostner P, Piombino Mascali D. Lancet.
Tassie GJ. Papers from the Institute of Archaeology.
UV exposure can age skin and create changes in tone, texture, and firmness. Oral blends containing grapefruit extract and rosemary extract may help protect collagen and elastin [1].
In this article we explore how Nutroxsun may support skin resilience and complement topical care. Evidence from clinical research suggests benefits for ageing skin [1,2].
Key Findings From The Study
The trial assessed Nutroxsun in people exposed to UV light. It measured redness, collagen behaviour, and elastin activity, offering insight into internal photoprotection [1].
Outcome
Description
Rapid UV protection
Reduced erythema within twenty four hours [1]
Collagen preservation
Inhibited enzymes linked to collagen loss [1]
Elastin enhancement
Increased elastin structure and secretion [1]
Table 1: Key Nutroxsun findings
These findings support Nutroxsun as a dietary supplement with potential to ease UV related ageing and enhance skin firmness across varied skin types.
Mechanism Of Nutroxsun
Nutroxsun uses antioxidant activity from grapefruit extract and rosemary extract to ease oxidative stress after UV exposure. This may support the skin barrier [1].
It helps protect collagen and elastin, easing signs of ageing. It also supports recovery from sun related redness which may enhance long term skin comfort [1].
Nutroxsun differs from topical sunscreen because it works from within. It does not replace sunscreen but may offer complementary support alongside daily protection.
Scientific Basis Of Nutroxsun
The controlled trial recorded reduced redness and improved connective tissue markers after UV exposure. Molecular tests confirmed changes in elastin behaviour [1].
CosmeticsDesign Europe noted the consistent methodology which adds strength to the results. These findings highlight the potential of nutricosmetics for ageing [2].
Who May Benefit
Grapefruit and rosemary extracts may help people seeking to support skin firmness or manage visible ageing after UV exposure. They may suit outdoor lifestyles.
They may also suit those exploring wider anti ageing strategies or who wish to add a dietary approach to topical care. Effects vary across individuals.
Future Of UV Protective Skincare
Nutricosmetics may expand as research evolves. New formulations may combine antioxidants such as vitamin C or resveratrol to enhance support for UV exposed skin.
Personalised dosing may become more common as interest grows in convenient evidence based ways to ease visible ageing and protect long term skin health.
Conclusion
UV protection can be supported through daily sunscreen, thoughtful lifestyle habits, and selected supplements that may offer additional antioxidant benefits. Ingredients such as grapefruit and rosemary extracts can contribute to skin resilience alongside consistent topical care.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Caturla N, et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
CosmeticsDesign Europe. Skin Care Science Findings.
Hives create itchy raised welts that can disrupt comfort and daily ease. They appear when the immune system releases histamine, leading to swelling beneath the skin surface [1].
In this article we explore causes, symptom patterns, and ways to ease discomfort, helping readers recognise triggers and understand when to seek support.
Common Causes Of Hives
Hives arise from varied triggers that influence the immune response. Awareness of these patterns helps guide management and may reduce recurrence for many people.
Cause
Description
Allergic reactions
Foods, medications, and stings can prompt rapid welts [2]
Infections
Viral or bacterial triggers often affect children [3]
Stress
Emotional stress may intensify symptoms for some [1]
Environmental factors
Cold, heat, sunlight, or pressure can provoke hives [4]
Chronic conditions
Long lasting symptoms may relate to autoimmune issues [5]
Table 1: Common hives causes
Symptoms often vary with weather and individual sensitivity. Some hives resolve quickly, while others persist and require clinical review to guide treatment choices.
Types Of Hives
Different forms of hives have distinct triggers, influencing how symptoms are managed and how long they may last.
Type
Characteristics
Acute urticaria
Short lasting welts linked to clear triggers [2]
Chronic urticaria
Persistent episodes often without a known cause [5]
Physical urticaria
Welts that appear after cold, heat, or pressure [4]
Dermatographism
Skin welts that form after firm stroking [1]
Table 2: Types of hives
Understanding which type applies can help guide choices such as avoidance strategies or the use of antihistamines for symptom relief.
Soothing Relief For Hives
Cool compresses may ease swelling by gently calming the skin surface and reducing itch. This can offer short term comfort for many people [1].
Oatmeal baths may soothe irritation although evidence is limited. Moderate water temperature is recommended to avoid worsening any skin sensitivity [4].
Loose breathable clothing can support comfort by reducing friction. This is especially helpful for forms of physical urticaria that react to pressure [1].
Antihistamines remain the main form of over the counter support and may help ease itch and welts. Pharmacist guidance can ensure suitable selection [2].
Short term topical hydrocortisone may be used for select cases although caution is needed to avoid skin thinning with prolonged application [4].
When To See A Doctor Or Allergist
Severe hives with breathing difficulty, face swelling, or dizziness require immediate emergency care as they may reflect anaphylaxis. Call 999 or attend an emergency service [2].
Symptoms that last beyond six weeks may relate to chronic urticaria. An allergist can carry out tests to identify potential triggers and guide long term care [5].
Children may develop hives from infections or foods. If symptoms persist or swelling worsens, a paediatric review is recommended for safety and reassurance [3].
Conclusion
Hives can be uncomfortable, yet understanding triggers and using evidence based approaches such as antihistamines and soothing measures can help ease symptoms. When episodes are frequent or prolonged, professional input can offer clarity and support more consistent control.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Zuberbier T, Abdul Latiff AH, Abuzakouk M, et al. International Guideline for Urticaria.Allergy.
Schaefer P. Acute and Chronic Urticaria.Am Fam Physician.
Kolkhir P, Bonnekoh H, Metz M, Maurer M. Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria.JAMA.
Bernstein JA, Lang DM, Khan DA, et al. Diagnosis and Management of Urticaria.J Allergy Clin Immunol.
Telemedicine helps people access skincare from home using online platforms designed to reduce barriers and simplify expert care. Many find this approach reassuring and convenient.
In this article we explore how online skin analysis works, how remote consultations support treatment, and how telemedicine helps people manage skin concerns more easily.
What Is Telemedicine In Skincare?
Telemedicine connects patients with dermatologists through secure digital platforms. High resolution images and video calls help review acne, rosacea, or pigmentation [1,7].
Studies show that teledermatology can reach diagnostic accuracy levels close to in person visits for many conditions, with concordance rates of seventy to eighty percent [2].
AI tools are also being explored for lesion assessment and early review. Research into texture, tone, and pigmentation analysis continues to expand as technology advances [1,3,10].
The NHS supports telemedicine for non urgent care because it reduces demand on in person appointments and supports timely access to prescription skincare [4].
How Online Skin Analysis Works
Online skin analysis tools use clear photographs and questionnaires about concerns such as acne, dryness, or fine lines and wrinkles. These help identify patterns and needs.
Algorithms review images to highlight areas of oiliness, pigmentation, or barrier weakness. A dermatologist may refine these findings and provide tailored guidance [5].
Systematic reviews show that AI for malignant lesion assessment can support clinicians, although evidence remains limited for broader concerns [6].
These platforms require minimal technical skill and help people understand their skin needs from home. This fosters confidence and improves engagement with skincare.
Remote Consultations & Ongoing Care
Remote consultations through video or phone create space to discuss acne, rosacea, or fine lines with dermatologists. This supports flexible access beyond clinic hours [9].
People can ask about prescription skincare, including tretinoin for ageing skin or hydroquinone for hyperpigmentation, and receive guidance without travel.
Research in the UK shows that more than seventy five percent of dermatology patients were satisfied with remote care, although many prefer a mix of approaches [9].
Follow up appointments support adjustments over time, helping skincare routines stay effective as needs or symptoms change.
Benefits Of Telemedicine For Skincare
Telemedicine supports convenience, personalisation, affordability, and continuous review. The table below outlines these benefits.
Benefit
Description
Convenience and accessibility
Expert care from home with flexible scheduling [1,4,7]
Personalised skincare
Tailored routines with prescription support [5,8]
Cost effectiveness
Lower costs with reduced travel needs
Continuous monitoring
Regular follow ups to guide progress [9]
Table 1: Telemedicine benefits
Monderma’s Telemedicine Offerings
Monderma provides prescription skincare for acne, ageing skin, hyperpigmentation, and rosacea through remote dermatology support. Treatments include clindamycin and ivermectin [8].
Through a free consultation, Monderma reviews individual concerns and recommends options to support clarity, comfort, and confidence in daily routines.
Future Of Telemedicine In Skincare
Advances in AI and machine learning may refine skin analysis for conditions such as hyperpigmentation and rosacea by improving accuracy and early recognition [3,6].
Telemedicine is becoming part of routine healthcare, which supports broader access to prescription skincare and helps reduce inequalities in dermatology.
Collaborative digital platforms may also improve care by allowing specialists to review complex cases, ensuring safe and informed treatment decisions.
Conclusion
Telemedicine offers accessible and personalised pathways to expert skincare, allowing individuals to receive guidance and prescriptions from home. Online assessments and remote review can make care more convenient while maintaining a high standard of support.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
NICE. AI Technologies for Skin Assessment.
Warshaw EM, Hillman YJ, Greer NL, et al. Teledermatology for Diagnosis and Management.J Am Acad Dermatol.
Han SS, Kim YJ, Moon IJ, et al. AI Assisted Diagnosis of Skin Neoplasms.J Invest Dermatol.
Centella Asiatica is a traditional plant extract that helps calm irritation and support comfort for many skin types. It is often explored for acne, dryness, and sensitivity [1].
In this article we outline its benefits, including wound healing support, anti inflammatory properties, and hydration, to help readers understand how it may improve skin health.
How Centella Asiatica Benefits Skin
Centella Asiatica contains active triterpenes such as asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid. These elements support collagen, repair, and calmness [1].
Wound Healing
Centella helps support collagen, which aids firmness and helps reduce the appearance of scars and stretch marks. These effects make it a valuable part of routines.
A review found that Centella improves collagen strength and may support the healing of small wounds and burns through enhanced fibroblast activity [2].
A systematic review also noted its influence on collagen I, FGF, and VEGF, which may support angiogenesis and contribute to more effective repair [3].
Anti Inflammatory Properties
Centella may calm redness and swelling linked with sensitive or acne prone skin. This can support comfort when managing irritation from breakouts [5].
Studies show that Centella extract at five percent improves hydration and reduces signs of inflammation on the skin surface [6].
Madecassoside also reduces inflammation and improves hydration in acne related irritation models, which supports its role in calming active skin concerns [5].
Benefit
Description
Wound healing
Supports collagen and angiogenesis for scar and mark reduction
Anti inflammatory properties
Reduces redness and swelling for sensitive or acne prone skin
Table 1: Key benefits and actives
Hydration & Anti Ageing Benefits
Centella supports moisture retention by improving hydration and reducing water loss through the outer layers of the skin. This supports a softer and calmer complexion [4].
Evidence also suggests that Gotu Kola may reduce wrinkles through collagen stimulation, offering gentle support for firmness and smoothness [6].
Centella Asiatica In Skincare Products
Centella appears in creams, serums, and toners. These forms are designed to support hydration, calm irritation, and assist daily routines for sensitive or acne prone skin.
Potential Side Effects
Centella is generally well tolerated, although some people may experience mild reactions. Those with allergies or liver concerns should seek guidance before use [7].
Care is especially important during pregnancy, breastfeeding, or when using Centella alongside other active skincare treatments.
Conclusion
Centella Asiatica can help calm inflammation, support healing, and enhance hydration, making it a useful addition for those managing acne, irritation, or lingering marks. Its gentle profile allows it to work well within many balanced routines.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
James J, Dubery I. Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from Centella Asiatica.Molecules.
Bylka W, Znajdek Awiżen P, Studzińska Sroka E, Dańczak Pazdrowska A, Brzezińska M. Centella Asiatica in Dermatology.Phytother Res.
Arribas López E, Zand N, Ojo O, Snowden MJ, Kochhar T. Centella Asiatica and Wound Healing.Int J Environ Res Public Health.
Ratz Łyko A, Arct J, Pytkowska K. Moisturising and Anti Inflammatory Properties of Centella Formulations.Indian J Pharm Sci.
Shen X, Guo M, Yu H, Liu D, Lu Z, Lu Y. Anti Inflammation and Hydration from Madecassoside.Biosci Biotechnol Biochem.
Kongkaew C, Meesomperm P, Scholfield CN, Chaiwiang N, Waranuch N. Centella Asiatica and Wrinkle Reduction.J Cosmet Sci.
Seborrhoeic dermatitis affects areas rich in oil glands and can create redness, irritation, and visible scaling that feels difficult to manage in daily life [1].
In this article we explore its symptoms, causes, and treatment options to support calm decision making and help people manage this condition with confidence.
Common Symptoms
Seborrhoeic dermatitis presents with varied symptoms that change in intensity and location, which can make recognition challenging for many individuals.
Symptom
Description
Red patches of skin
Erythematous areas on the scalp, face, or trunk
Greasy or oily skin
Excess sebum creates a shiny surface
White or yellowish crusty scales
Flakes that may be greasy or dry
Itching or burning sensations
Discomfort from mild to intense irritation
Table 1: Common symptoms
Symptoms may vary from simple dandruff to thick and painful crusts. Flares often worsen with cold weather or stress, and some people notice dietary influences [2].
Infants may develop cradle cap, which appears as greasy and scaly patches on the scalp and usually settles naturally by twelve months [3].
Causes Of Seborrhoeic Dermatitis
Seborrhoeic dermatitis develops from a mix of genetic and environmental factors, along with the presence of Malassezia yeast, although its exact role remains debated [1].
Factors & Contributors
Factor
Description
Malassezia yeast
Overgrowth relates to inflammation [1]
Genetic predisposition
Family history increases risk [4]
Weather conditions
Cold and dry climates worsen symptoms [2]
Stress and fatigue
Raises likelihood of flare ups [4]
Hormonal changes
Influences severity in infancy or adulthood [3]
Table 2: Contributing factors
Environmental triggers, sensitivity to yeast, stress, and hormonal changes all shape the pattern of symptoms. Identifying triggers supports long term comfort [5].
How To Treat Seborrhoeic Dermatitis
Seborrhoeic dermatitis is long lasting, but with the right treatment it can be managed effectively. Approaches aim to reduce inflammation, scaling, and yeast activity.
Over The Counter Treatments
Shampoos with ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, salicylic acid, or zinc pyrithione help calm scalp irritation. Ketoconazole reduces Malassezia growth and scaling [6].
Regular use supports comfort and helps prevent flares, while ingredients such as tea tree oil may soothe the scalp, although evidence remains limited [2].
Topical Creams & Lotions
Creams with antifungals or mild corticosteroids can calm redness on non scalp areas. Coal tar products reduce scaling but are less common because of odour [1].
Olive oil may soften cradle cap in infants, though families are advised to seek guidance to ensure gentle and appropriate care [3].
Prescription Treatments
More persistent symptoms may need medical treatments tailored to severity and skin sensitivity to achieve steady improvement over time.
Topical corticosteroids calm inflammation quickly but must be used for short periods because prolonged use may thin the skin [7].
Antifungal medicines treat significant yeast imbalance. Calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus may support facial care when steroid alternatives are preferred [2].
Lifestyle & Home Remedies
Lifestyle changes can support comfort and work alongside medical treatments to reduce the frequency of flares.
Regular Skincare Routine
Gentle skincare using non irritating cleansers removes excess oil and scales without stressing the skin barrier, supporting daily comfort [4].
Stress Management
Calming practices such as meditation or breathing exercises may help reduce inflammation by easing the effect of stress on the body [4].
Diet & Nutrition
Balanced nutrition supports overall skin health. Some people report that reducing sugar or yeast helps, although evidence is limited [2].
When To See A Dermatologist
Guidance is recommended when symptoms persist or worsen despite treatment, or if redness and discomfort begin to affect daily confidence or wellbeing.
Medical review is also important when there are signs of infection, such as warmth or pus. Early care supports clearer outcomes and comfort [2].
Conclusion
Seborrhoeic dermatitis can be managed with steady routines that include medicated shampoos, topical treatments, and habits that help minimise triggers. With consistent care, many people see improvements in comfort and overall skin balance.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Tucker D, Masood S. Seborrheic Dermatitis. StatPearls Publishing.
American Academy of Dermatology. Seborrheic Dermatitis Treatment.
Victoire A, Magin P, Coughlan J, van Driel ML. Interventions for Infantile Seborrhoeic Dermatitis.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
Beauty advertising influences how many people view skincare, especially when seeking calm and reliable guidance. These messages shape confidence and ideas about healthy skin.
In this article we explore how print, radio, television, and social media advertising have evolved, and how these changes influence modern skincare choices.
Rise Of Print Advertising In Beauty
Early print advertising used magazines such as Vogue and Harpers Bazaar to present products with aspirational imagery. These pages created a personal and immersive experience.
Celebrity features added trust, while ingredients such as salicylic acid appeared in creams promoted for acne management and clearer skin tone [1].
These images shaped ideals around complexion and helped define what healthy and glamorous skin looked like for many readers [2,9].
However, early ads often lacked diversity and tended to present narrow representations of beauty, which influenced expectations and sometimes limited inclusivity.
Print messages still encouraged experimentation with new products that addressed ageing skin or acne, and they laid the foundation for future beauty innovation.
Influence Of Radio & Television Advertising
Radio advertising introduced memorable language and repetition to build recognition. The audio format helped brands reach households with steady and familiar messages.
Television later added visual storytelling. Advertisers could show how products worked, which made the experience more engaging and convincing for viewers.
Campaigns such as Because You Are Worth It used emotional appeal to connect with specific audiences and strengthen perceptions of self value.
Research shows that visual media can influence health behaviours among adolescents, which highlights the reach and impact of televised skincare messaging [4].
Television also expanded diversity in casting to reach audiences with varied skin tones and concerns, including hyperpigmentation and rosacea.
Digital Revolution & Social Media
The rise of the internet changed advertising completely. Early websites and banners offered basic information, but social platforms made beauty content interactive.
Platforms such as Instagram and YouTube allowed brands to speak directly with consumers through influencers who were seen as relatable and authentic.
Paid social media advertising uses data to show tailored messages to people searching for help with acne, ageing skin, or rosacea, improving relevance and engagement.
Social media communities share reviews and results, which adds credibility. CAP rules require clear disclosure when an influencer promotes a product [6,7].
This transparency helps build trust, especially for women seeking supportive skincare advice grounded in evidence rather than unrealistic claims.
Monderma’s Role In Modern Skincare Advertising
Monderma uses digital channels to share personalised prescription skincare designed for concerns such as acne, hyperpigmentation, rosacea, and wrinkles [8].
Guidelines recognise ingredients such as topical retinoids and azelaic acid as useful options for moderate to severe acne, which aligns with Monderma’s approach [3,5].
Monderma combines evidence based ingredients with personalised care to offer trustworthy and accessible support in an increasingly crowded digital landscape.
Readers can explore how tailored treatments may enhance comfort, confidence, and clarity through a free consultation designed to reflect individual needs.
Future Of Beauty Advertising
New technology such as augmented reality allows people to explore products virtually, creating a more interactive and reassuring experience.
Sustainability influences many modern choices, as consumers look for ethical and eco friendly practices within beauty messaging and skincare marketing.
Authenticity remains essential across print ads, television, and social media. Representation of varied skin tones and concerns helps build trust and encourages confidence.
As advertising formats grow more advanced, brands must maintain transparent communication to support informed decisions and uphold regulatory standards.
Conclusion
Beauty advertising has moved from print to digital formats, shaping how people learn about skincare and interact with brands. These changes reflect evolving expectations around skin health, product transparency, and personal relevance.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Decker A, Graber EM. Over the Counter Acne Treatments.J Clin Aesthet Dermatol.
Dalgard F, Gieler U, Holm JO, Bjertness E, Hauser S. Self Esteem and Body Satisfaction in Adolescents with Acne.J Am Acad Dermatol.
Zaenglein AL, Pathy AL, Schlosser BJ, et al. Guidelines of Care for Acne Vulgaris.J Am Acad Dermatol.
Brown JD, Witherspoon EM. Mass Media and Adolescent Health.J Adolesc Health.
NICE. Acne Vulgaris: Management. NG198.
Committee of Advertising Practice. The CAP Code. CAP.
Committee of Advertising Practice. Influencer Guide for Advertising Disclosure. ASA.
Kircik LH. Azelaic Acid for Hyperpigmentation and Acne.J Drugs Dermatol.
Magin P, Adams J, Heading G, Pond D, Smith W. Influence of Acne on Self Esteem.Int J Womens Dermatol.
Many individuals explore tranexamic acid to improve uneven tone because changes in pigment can affect confidence and comfort. This gentle ingredient supports a more balanced complexion.
In this article we examine how tranexamic acid works, why it supports radiance, and how it may fit within daily routines to improve hyperpigmentation with consistent use.
What Is Tranexamic Acid?
Tranexamic acid is a synthetic form of lysine that has long been used in medicine to help reduce bleeding during procedures or to support heavy menstrual flow [1].
Recent evidence shows that tranexamic acid can help with melasma, post inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and sunspots by interrupting processes that influence melanin formation [2].
By acting on these pathways it may help soften darker areas and support a more even complexion, which is why interest in tranexamic acid has grown across skincare.
How Tranexamic Acid Brightens Skin
Tranexamic acid reduces plasminogen activity, which can influence inflammation inside the skin and encourage excess melanin. By calming these signals it supports more even tone [2].
Studies show that topical tranexamic acid can significantly reduce melasma severity within twelve weeks with fewer side effects than stronger depigmenting options [4].
Tranexamic acid may also help protect the skin barrier by reducing protease activity, which supports repair and reduces pigment changes linked with UV exposure [5].
Its calm and steady effect makes it suitable for many skin types, including sensitive ones, and supports management of redness and dullness in a gentle way [6].
Forms Of Tranexamic Acid For Skincare
Tranexamic acid serums are often chosen for their light texture and ability to reach areas of uneven tone. Creams provide hydration while supporting skin brightening [7].
Both forms can be used after cleansing to improve absorption and fit easily into morning or evening routines alongside other evidence based skincare steps.
Benefits Of Tranexamic Acid For Skin
Reduces Hyperpigmentation
Tranexamic acid may reduce hyperpigmentation caused by sun exposure, hormonal shifts, or inflammation. Reviews show improved clearance across topical and intradermal use [8].
This makes it helpful for melasma, sunspots, and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation where consistent use guides gradual and dependable improvement.
Improves Skin Radiance
By lowering melanin formation in targeted areas, tranexamic acid can help the skin appear brighter. Oral forms used under clinical supervision have also shown benefit within weeks [9].
These changes support a more even and luminous appearance that feels natural and steady, which is often preferred for long term care.
Suitable For All Skin Types
Tranexamic acid is generally well tolerated and has a lower risk of irritation when compared with stronger agents such as hydroquinone, which can sometimes cause sensitivity [4].
This makes tranexamic acid suitable for long term use and for individuals seeking a calm and gradual brightening option.
Enhances Other Skincare Products
Tranexamic acid pairs well with vitamin C, niacinamide, and kojic acid. Reviews note improved melasma outcomes when used with complementary topical agents [10].
This flexibility allows it to fit into many routines without creating unnecessary disruption or sensitivity.
Potential Side Effects
Tranexamic acid is usually gentle, although mild irritation or redness may occur in very sensitive skin. Topical forms are well tolerated and offer a lower risk than oral options [6].
Oral tranexamic acid can cause minor digestive discomfort in a small number of users, so clinical guidance is important when considering this route [11].
Conclusion
Tranexamic acid can support a brighter and more even complexion by helping reduce the appearance of dark spots and areas of uneven tone. When used consistently alongside sunscreen and complementary ingredients, it may contribute to clearer and more radiant skin.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Hurskainen R, Leminen H. Tranexamic Acid for Heavy Menstrual Bleeding.Int J Womens Health.
Maeda K, Tomita Y. Inhibitory Effect of Tranexamic Acid on Melanogenesis.J Health Sci.
Kim HJ, Moon SH, Cho SH, Lee JD, Sung JM. Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid in Melasma.Acta Derm Venereol.
Ebrahimi B, Naeini FF. Topical Tranexamic Acid for Melasma.J Res Med Sci.
Zhong S, Wu Y, Chen J, et al. Barrier Support with Tranexamic Acid.Dermatologica Sinica.
Fungal acne can feel confusing because the bumps look similar to regular acne yet behave differently. It often develops in warm areas where yeast becomes active.
In this article we explore what fungal acne is, how to recognise it, and which treatments support comfort and clarity by targeting the yeast inside follicles.
What Is Fungal Acne?
Fungal acne is an infection of hair follicles caused by Malassezia species such as Malassezia globosa and Malassezia furfur, which can multiply within follicles [1].
Unlike acne vulgaris, which forms when oil and debris block pores, fungal acne appears when yeast grows excessively and irritates the follicle lining [2].
It is often mistaken for acne vulgaris because both conditions produce similar bumps, but fungal acne needs different treatments for meaningful improvement [3].
Around 28.8% of people diagnosed with acne vulgaris may also have fungal acne or a mixed pattern, showing the importance of careful diagnosis before treatment [4].
Standard acne medicines such as antibiotics may worsen fungal acne by upsetting the skin microbiome and encouraging further yeast activity [5].
Dermatologists often confirm fungal acne through methods such as skin scraping or potassium hydroxide examination, which help guide targeted and effective care [1].
Symptoms Of Fungal Acne
Fungal acne often appears as small, uniform, itchy bumps across the chest, back, shoulders, and sometimes the face. Warm, humid conditions usually make symptoms more noticeable [2].
Unlike acne vulgaris, fungal acne does not form comedones. The bumps are monomorphic, meaning similar in size and shape, usually between one and two millimetres [3,4].
Characteristic
Fungal Acne
Appearance
Small, uniform, itchy papules or pustules
Itchiness
Common in around 65% of cases [6]
Location
Chest, back, shoulders, face
Response to Antibiotics
May worsen
Table 1: Key features of fungal acne
Characteristic
Acne Vulgaris
Appearance
Varied pimples including comedones and cysts
Itchiness
Rare
Location
Face, chest, back
Response to Antibiotics
Often improves
Table 2: Key features of acne vulgaris
Identifying these patterns early helps direct treatment choices. If symptoms persist, a dermatologist can confirm the diagnosis with simple and reliable tests [1].
Causes Of Fungal Acne
Fungal acne develops when conditions allow yeast to grow more than usual. Heat, sweat, and friction increase risk by creating a warm and moist environment within follicles.
Cause
Description
Humidity and Sweating
Warm, moist conditions encourage yeast growth [2]
Tight Clothing
Non breathable fabrics trap moisture [2]
Diet
Higher sugar intake may influence yeast levels, though evidence is limited [6]
Immunosuppression
Conditions such as diabetes increase susceptibility [1]
Antibiotic Use
Disrupted skin flora allows yeast to multiply [5]
Table 3: Common causes of fungal acne
Simple steps such as lighter clothing and mindful skincare can reduce exposure to these triggers.
How To Treat Fungal Acne
Fungal acne improves with treatments that reduce yeast levels and calm inflammation. A targeted approach supports clearer and more comfortable skin.
Over The Counter Treatments
Antifungal creams containing ketoconazole, clotrimazole, or miconazole help mild fungal acne by reducing yeast activity. Ketoconazole shampoo may also support improvement [6].
Sulphur based soaps or washes may assist with calming the skin, although evidence specific to fungal acne is limited. They may still complement a wider care routine [6].
Salicylic acid helps exfoliate dead skin cells and reduce blockage within pores. While it does not treat yeast directly, it can support overall clarity [2].
Some sources advise leaving antifungal products on the skin briefly before rinsing, though this varies and depends on individual tolerance and clinical guidance [7].
Prescription Treatments
Oral antifungals such as fluconazole or itraconazole support more persistent fungal acne. Many people notice meaningful improvement after supervised short courses [6].
Itraconazole may be selected for its strong effect, while fluconazole may be preferred for those needing a gentler side effect profile [1].
Prescription strength topical antifungals help with stubborn areas that do not respond fully to over the counter approaches [2].
Oral antifungals penetrate deep into follicles and help treat widespread cases affecting large body areas, such as the back or chest [1].
Because some oral antifungals can affect liver function, medical supervision ensures safe and effective use throughout treatment [6].
Lifestyle Changes
Daily habits can reduce flare ups and help treatments work more effectively by lowering moisture, friction, and heat on the skin.
Change
Action
Benefit
Breathable Fabrics
Wear cotton or moisture wicking clothing [2]
Reduces moisture that encourages yeast
Post Exercise Hygiene
Shower soon after sweating [6]
Prevents yeast buildup on warm skin
Dietary Adjustments
Reduce sugar and refined carbohydrates [6]
May help stabilise internal yeast levels
Table 4: Helpful lifestyle changes
Small routine adjustments can strengthen overall results and reduce recurrence, especially during warmer seasons.
Minimising Fungal Acne
Daily skincare helps maintain balance and reduces the chance of recurrence. Consistency supports long term clarity.
Gentle cleansing twice daily helps maintain skin balance without stripping natural oils [2]. Oil free moisturisers reduce pore burden and support comfort [6]. Exfoliating once or twice weekly with a beta hydroxy acid helps prevent buildup that may irritate follicles [2].
Changing clothes soon after exercise reduces moisture on the skin [6]. A balanced diet may support internal steadiness. Dermatology visits offer early guidance and reassurance, especially when symptoms fluctuate [2].
Change clothes post exercise, balanced diet, dermatologist visits
Reduces moisture, supports yeast control, ensures early review
Table 5: Prevention strategies
When To Visit A Dermatologist?
If fungal acne persists despite early care or becomes uncomfortable, a dermatologist can assess whether fungal acne, acne vulgaris, or both are present [1].
Early confirmation helps guide suitable treatments and prevents prolonged discomfort by addressing the exact cause of the bumps [2].
Conclusion
Fungal acne can improve with treatments that target yeast overgrowth, support the skin barrier, and reduce triggers that contribute to recurrent outbreaks. Understanding its symptoms and causes helps create a clearer path toward steadier, more comfortable skin.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Vest BE, Krauland K. Malassezia Furfur. StatPearls Publishing.
Rubenstein RM, Malerich SA. Malassezia Folliculitis.J Clin Aesthet Dermatol.
Prindaville B, Belazarian L, Levin NA, Wiss K. Pityrosporum Folliculitis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018.
Pongprutthipan M, Pithukpakorn M, Srisuk W, et al. Malassezia Folliculitis in Patients with Acne Vulgaris.Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2022.
Durdu M, Güran M, Ilkit M. Epidemiological Characteristics of Malassezia Folliculitis.Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013.
Ayers K, Sweeney SM, Wiss K. Diagnosis and Management in Adolescents.Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005.
NICE. Acne Vulgaris: Management. NG198.
Zaenglein AL, Pathy AL, Schlosser BJ, et al. Guidelines of Care for Acne Vulgaris.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016.
Good posture shapes how confidence appears in daily life and supports ease in movement during everyday tasks. It guides how presence is perceived and maintains steady comfort.
In this article the connection between posture and confidence is explored to show how alignment and simple daily habits strengthen comfort, balance, and the way you feel each day.
Confidence & Posture: A Psychological Link
Posture influences physical comfort and emotional balance [1]. Correct sitting posture and the ability to stand up straight ease strain on muscles and may support long term comfort [2].
Upright posture may improve personal mood. A study in Health Psychology found that participants who sat upright reported higher self esteem and reduced fear compared to slouched posture [3].
Aligning the spine may also reduce cortisol and ease anxiety during daily tasks [4]. These findings show how confidence and posture are linked and how alignment shapes inner balance.
The Benefits Of Exercise For Posture
Exercise strengthens muscles in the back, core, and shoulders to support posture [5]. Yoga and Pilates promote balance and alignment for steadier comfort during daily movement [6].
Incorporating simple exercises into the week can reduce tension and improve body control. A study showed that posture correction exercise reduced musculoskeletal discomfort [6].
Exercise
Benefit
Planks
Builds core strength for spinal support
Bridge exercises
Strengthens lower back and glutes
Shoulder blade squeezes
Improves shoulder alignment
Yoga mountain or tree pose
Enhances overall body alignment
Table 1: posture exercises and benefits
Proper Sitting Posture: Why It Matters
Long hours at a desk may strain the neck and back [2]. Correct sitting posture protects comfort by supporting the spine and easing daily tension as part of stable movement habits.
Simple adjustments can improve comfort during long periods of sitting. Ergonomic support may reduce strain on the spine and promote sustainable alignment over time [2].
Guideline
Purpose
Feet flat on the floor
Provides stability
Knees at right angles
Aligns hips and knees
Back straight with lumbar support
Supports spine
Shoulders relaxed
Prevents hunching
Monitor at eye level
Reduces neck strain
Table 2: sitting posture guidelines
Children’s Posture: Developing Good Habits
Good child’s posture supports healthy growth and long term comfort. Poor posture in childhood may lead to future strain and reduced daily mobility if not supported early [7].
Simple habits such as sitting tall and active play support a healthy pattern for movement. Early training improves spinal alignment and supports confidence in routine tasks [8].
Tip
Benefit
Model good posture
Children mimic adult behaviour
Use child sized furniture
Ensures ergonomic fit
Encourage active play
Improves balance and coordination
Table 3: posture habits for children
Benefits Of A Posture Brace
A posture brace may guide shoulder alignment and support early retraining when posture is difficult to maintain [2]. It helps remind the body to stay upright during daily tasks.
Evidence suggests benefit for mild issues, although effects may be limited without strengthening exercises [2]. Braces support alignment best when paired with regular training.
Practical Tips For Everyday Posture Improvement
Daily habits help posture become natural and comfortable. Simple awareness eases unnecessary strain and supports steadier balance in everyday routines for lasting comfort.
Steady movement prevents stiffness and supports posture control. NHS guidance recommends regular activity to reduce tension and maintain natural alignment through the day [9].
Tip
Benefit
Be mindful
Increases awareness of sitting position
Take breaks
Prevents stiffness from long periods
Use ergonomic furniture
Supports lumbar support and alignment
Stay active
Maintains muscle strength and flexibility
Table 4: daily posture support tips
Conclusion
Posture and confidence work together to support daily comfort. Correct sitting posture and steady alignment reduce strain and improve presence in personal and professional moments.
A balanced routine of exercise and mindful movement builds confidence through comfort. You may explore Monderma’s gentle skincare guidance through a free consultation to enhance overall balance and well being.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Physiopedia. Posture. Physiopedia.
Ergonomics. StatPearls. 2025.
Peper E, Lin IM, Harvey R, Perez J. How posture affects memory recall and mood. Health Psychology. 2017;36(5):415–423.
Nair S, Sagar M, Sollers J, Consedine N, Broadbent E. Do slumped and upright postures affect stress responses. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 2015;46:153–161.
Degenerative Disc Disease Treatment for Low Back Pain. Spine Health.
Park S, Park J. Effect of an exercise program for posture correction on musculoskeletal pain. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2014;26(8):1237–1240.
Back Pain in Children. St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
Park MJ, Park JS. Effect of a posture training program on cobb angle and knowledge of posture of elementary school students. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2003;33(5):643–650.
Many people apply products daily without knowing what is inside them, which makes ingredient clarity important for confident skincare choices.
In this article we explain the ingredients in our custom formula base cream, offering simple insight into their origin, purpose, and benefits.
Ingredient Overview
Ingredient
What It Does
Water
Hydrates and blends the full formula
1,3 Propanediol
Softens and lightens texture
Edetate Disodium Dihydrate
Stabilises and supports consistency
Hyaluronic Acid
Holds moisture for a smooth feel
Candelilla Jojoba Rice Bran Esters
Blend oils and water for an even texture
Glyceryl Stearate
Softens skin and smooths application
Cetearyl Alcohol
Thickens and supports stability
Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate
Softens and enhances silky texture
Undecane
Lightens texture to avoid heaviness
Tridecane
Smooths and supports spreadability
Simethicone
Reduces foaming and keeps texture sleek
Acrylate Copolymer Blend
Thickens and provides a gel like feel
C13 14 Isoalkane
Softens and supports a light finish
Polysorbate 80
Blends oils and water evenly
Decyl Glucoside
Cleanses gently
Glycerin
Draws in moisture for lasting hydration
Phenoxyethanol
Preserves and prevents bacteria
Ethylhexylglycerin
Conditions skin and supports preservation
Hydroxycinnamic Acid
Provides antioxidant support
Bisabolol
Calms and soothes irritated skin
Butylene Glycol
Hydrates and supports ingredient delivery
Dextran
Plumps skin and enhances hydration
Palmitoyl Tripeptide 8
Calms redness and sensitivity
Persea Gratissima Oil
Nourishes with rich moisture
Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil
Hydrates without clogging
Rosa Canina Flower Oil
Supports repair and radiance
Tocopheryl Acetate
Protects and maintains freshness
Coconut Oil
Softens with deep moisture
Lavandula Angustifolia Oil
Calms and provides a soft scent
Melaleuca Alternifolia Oil
Supports clarity and reduces bacteria
Rosmarinus Officinalis Oil
Refreshes and boosts circulation
Shea Butter
Softens and protects with lasting moisture
Caprylic Capric Triglyceride
Creates a silky, lightweight texture
Table 1: Ingredient functions
The Power Of Natural Oils
Natural oils support hydration and comfort, offering a gentle approach to skin nourishment.
Jojoba Oil
Jojoba oil closely resembles natural skin oils and helps balance hydration. It contains vitamins that soothe irritated skin, and research indicates anti inflammatory benefits for conditions such as eczema [1].
Rice Bran Oil
Rice bran oil contains antioxidants including tocopherol and tocotrienol. It supports hydration and elasticity, and studies suggest it may enhance the skin barrier [2].
Persea Gratissima Oil
Avocado oil nourishes deeply and supports healing, which makes it suitable for dry or sensitive skin. It is rich in oleic acid that promotes repair and hydration [3].
Science Behind Cream Stability
Stability supports texture, comfort, and consistency across applications.
Cetearyl Alcohol
Cetearyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol that supports emulsification and adds a soft, rich feel. It improves hydration and keeps the cream stable [4].
Polysorbate 80
Polysorbate 80 blends oils and water to create a unified texture. It helps ingredients distribute evenly on the skin and has a well recorded emulsification profile [5].
The Role Of Antioxidants
Antioxidants protect the skin from environmental stress and support repair.
Tocopheryl Acetate
Tocopheryl acetate provides vitamin E in a form that protects against oxidative stress and supports skin integrity. It also maintains product stability [6].
Botanical Wonders
Botanical extracts bring natural comfort and support to the skin.
Lavender Oil
Lavender oil calms the skin and reduces discomfort. Studies highlight its potential for easing irritation because of its soothing properties [7].
Tea Tree Oil
Tea tree oil offers antibacterial and anti inflammatory benefits that support clarity. Guidance supports its use for mild acne [8].
Rosa Canina Oil
Rosa canina oil provides essential fatty acids and antioxidants that support repair and improve tone. Evidence shows benefits for healing processes [9].
Unsung Heroes
Some ingredients work quietly to support safety, texture, and overall performance.
Phenoxyethanol
Phenoxyethanol prevents microbial growth and protects the formula. Its safety in cosmetics is well established [10].
Ethylhexylglycerin
Ethylhexylglycerin enhances preservation and softens the skin, supporting a comfortable feel [11].
Importance Of Emollients
Emollients soften and smooth the skin by reinforcing moisture retention.
Caprylic Capric Triglyceride
This lightweight emollient hydrates without clogging pores and supports a smooth, silky application [13].
Glyceryl Stearate
Glyceryl stearate conditions the skin and enhances hydration. It also contributes to the cream’s smooth consistency [12].
Conclusion
Monderma’s base cream brings together natural and clinically supported ingredients that work to nourish, protect, and comfort the skin. Each component contributes its own properties, creating a balanced formula that supports a wide range of skin needs.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R, Ghassemi MR, Kazerouni A, Rafeie E, Jamshydian N. Jojoba in dermatology: a succinct review. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2013;148(6):687–691.
Benefits of Rice Bran Oil for Dry Skin. DrySkinLove. 2025.
Avocado Oil Benefits for Skin. Skinician. 2023.
Exploring the Skin Benefits of Cetearyl Alcohol. Natrl Skincare.
Polysorbate 80. Wikipedia.
Vitamins and minerals: Vitamin E. NHS. 2022.
Dontje AEWK, et al. The therapeutic potential of essential oils in managing inflammatory skin conditions. Antibiotics. 2024;13(4):382.
Nascimento TC, dos Santos RS, Reis JM, et al. Tea tree oil: properties and the therapeutic approach to acne. Antibiotics. 2023;12(7):1026.
Chrubasik C, Roufogalis BD, Müller Ladner U, et al. A systematic review on the Rosa canina effect and efficacy profiles. Phytotherapy Research. 2008;22(6):725–733.
Dréno B, Zuberbier T, Gelmetti C, Gontijo G, Marinovich M. Safety review of phenoxyethanol when used as a preservative in cosmetics. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33 Suppl 7:15–24.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Final Safety Assessment on Alkyl Glyceryl Ethers including Ethylhexylglycerin. 2011.
Glyceryl Stearate Information Sheet. ONUS Health Care. 2025.
What is Caprylic Capric Triglyceride. Paula’s Choice.
Pustular folliculitis can cause discomfort and concern because it affects visible areas of skin. Understanding why it appears helps support calm decisions about treatment and care.
In this article we explore its causes, symptoms, and treatment options to support confident choices through simple, evidence based guidance.
What Is Pustular Folliculitis?
Folliculitis is histologically defined as the presence of inflammatory cells within the hair follicle wall, creating a follicular based pustule, with the type of inflammatory cells varying based on the cause [2].
Pustular folliculitis affects hair follicles and produces pus filled bumps. It differs from acne because it begins within follicles and often needs folliculitis cream or shampoo products [1,2].
Mild cases cause irritation while more persistent cases benefit from treatment to support comfort and skin clarity.
Symptoms Of Pustular Folliculitis
Symptom
Description
Red, inflamed bumps
Sensitive areas that resemble acne
Itching or tenderness
Can lead to scratching and further irritation
Pus filled pustules
May rupture and increase infection risk
Crusting or scabbing
Appears as pustules heal
Table 1: Common symptoms
Fact: Pityrosporum folliculitis, caused by Malassezia yeast, presents as itchy, uniform papules and pustules and is distinct from bacterial forms [3,5].
Areas Commonly Affected
Area
Reason for susceptibility
Scalp
Moisture and hair density increase risk
Face
Shaving or oiliness may irritate follicles
Back
Higher oil production encourages bacteria
Chest
Warm conditions increase sweating
Thighs
Friction from clothing or exercise
Table 2: Common locations
Causes Of Pustular Folliculitis
Multiple triggers influence folliculitis, including infections and irritation. Understanding these supports targeted treatment.
Bacterial Infection
Staphylococcus aureus frequently causes bacterial folliculitis. It enters follicles and triggers inflammation and pustules [2,4]. Close contact or shared towels increase risk and recurrent infections may require specific folliculitis antibiotics.
Fact: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of bacterial folliculitis, with nasal carriage increasing the risk of recurrent infections [1,2,6].
Fungal Infection
Malassezia yeast causes pityrosporum folliculitis. It produces uniform bumps and responds to antifungal treatments rather than antibiotics [3,5].
Fact: Malassezia folliculitis is often misdiagnosed as acne but responds to antifungal therapy, with oral antifungals like ketoconazole or itraconazole effective for pityrosporum folliculitis in a majority of cases [5].
Other Contributing Factors
Friction or irritation from clothing or shaving can inflame follicles [2]. Sweat and heat support bacterial growth, including hot tub folliculitis linked with Pseudomonas aeruginosa [2,4]. A weakened immune system from conditions such as diabetes or HIV increases susceptibility [4,5].
Fact: Hot tub folliculitis, caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is typically self limiting but may require antibiotics in immunocompromised patients [2,4].
Treatment Options For Pustular Folliculitis
Treatment supports comfort by reducing inflammation and addressing specific causes.
Home Care Remedies
Warm compresses may ease irritation by softening debris [2,5]. Gentle cleansers support hygiene without disrupting the skin barrier [1,2].
Medical Treatments
Topical antibiotics like mupirocin treat bacterial folliculitis [1,4,7]. Oral antibiotics such as erythromycin support more widespread cases [4]. Oral and topical antifungals help resolve pityrosporum folliculitis [3,5].
Medicated shampoos with antifungal or antibacterial agents assist with scalp folliculitis [3]. Low dose corticosteroids may reduce severe inflammation [4].
Fact: Topical mupirocin applied to the nasal mucosa twice daily for 5 days can eliminate persistent Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in most individuals [7].
Over The Counter Options
Folliculitis cream with hydrocortisone may soothe discomfort [2]. Benzoyl peroxide reduces inflammation in mild cases [4].
Preventing Pustular Folliculitis
Comfortable clothing helps reduce friction [2]. Shaving with a clean electric razor can limit irritation [1,4]. Keeping skin dry and clean after sweating supports prevention of hot tub folliculitis [2,4]. A balanced lifestyle promotes immune strength [2].
When To See A Doctor
Seek guidance if symptoms worsen, spread, or persist despite home care. Severe pain, swelling, or fever requires medical support to avoid deeper infection [4].
Conclusion
Pustular folliculitis can improve with attention to triggers such as bacteria, yeast, or irritation, and with treatments that ease inflammation and support clearer follicles. Consistent habits often help maintain comfort and reduce the chance of recurrence.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Winters RD, Mitchell M. StatPearls.
DermNet NZ. Folliculitis.
Rubenstein RM, Malerich SA. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol.
Stretching helps maintain ease of movement and supports a healthy, vibrant body. Many people use regular stretching to improve mobility and feel more comfortable throughout daily life.
In this article we explore the benefits of stretching, how different methods support movement, and simple ways to build stretching habits that promote long term wellbeing.
Understanding Stretching
Stretching lengthens muscles to support flexibility and range of motion. It prepares the body for activity, aids recovery, and supports mobility across various techniques.
Dynamic Stretching
Dynamic stretching uses controlled movements to warm muscles while improving coordination [2]. Increased blood flow supports elasticity and readiness before physical activity.
Static Stretching
Static stretching involves holding positions to relax and lengthen muscles [4]. Longer hold times can increase flexibility, including in older adults [5]. It may also support calm and recovery.
Other Stretching Approaches
Ballistic stretching uses rapid movement but requires caution. PNF techniques combine stretching and contracting, sometimes offering flexibility gains beyond static methods [3].
Benefits Of Stretching
Benefit
Description
Improved flexibility
Supports joint mobility and ease of movement
Enhanced mobility
Improves motion efficiency for daily activities
Better posture
Helps align the body and reduce discomfort
Increased circulation
Supports recovery and skin vitality
Stress relief
Promotes relaxation and mental clarity
Reduced injury risk
Prepares muscles and improves stability
Table 1: Key benefits of stretching
How To Build A Stretching Routine
Warm ups benefit from dynamic stretches that activate muscles. Targeting major groups improves overall ease, while listening to comfort levels maintains safe progress. Regular practice supports lasting improvement.
Conclusion
Stretching can support flexibility, posture, and comfort by improving movement and easing tension throughout the body. When practiced regularly, it may help create a greater sense of balance and wellbeing in daily life.
If you would like personalised skincare designed around your personal care needs, you can explore a custom formula through Monderma.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Konrad A et al. J Sport Health Sci.
Behm DG et al. Sports Med Open.
Page P. Int J Sports Phys Ther.
Harvard Health Publishing. The Importance Of Stretching.
Oxybenzone is widely used in sunscreen and offers protection against UV radiation, yet concerns about its safety and environmental impact have prompted ongoing debate and regulatory review.
In this article we consider how oxybenzone works, the evidence behind endocrine concerns, and the environmental implications, helping readers choose suitable alternatives with confidence.
What Is Oxybenzone?
Oxybenzone, known as benzophenone 3, absorbs UVB and some UVA II rays, reducing the risk of sunburn and photoageing [1,2]. It does not cover the full UVA range. Its hormone activity has raised safety questions.
Role Of Oxybenzone In Sunscreens
Oxybenzone contributes partial broad spectrum protection by filtering UVB and short wave UVA rays [2]. This supports defence against UV related skin damage, although deeper UVA I exposure remains unprotected.
Hormone & Endocrine Concerns
Endocrine disruptors can interfere with hormonal systems, and oxybenzone has been examined for these effects [1,3]. Studies show measurable systemic absorption in humans [1].
Hormonal Activity & Human Health
Research suggests oxybenzone may mimic oestrogen and disturb hormonal balance [1,3]. It has been detected in urine, blood, and breast milk [1]. Plasma levels in maximal use trials exceeded FDA safety thresholds, prompting review [4]. Animal models suggest developmental effects that need further assessment [3].
Regulation & Recommendations
The European Union permits 6% in face products and 2.2% in body products [5]. The United States continues to review its safety and has not granted GRASE status [4]. Some groups advise avoiding oxybenzone for children and pregnant women [1].
Environmental Impact & Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are vulnerable to chemical stressors, and oxybenzone has been linked to bleaching, DNA injury, and deformity in laboratory conditions [6]. Real world concentrations are often lower, yet concerns remain [7].
Coral Reef Pressure
Experiments suggest oxybenzone may contribute to reef decline in high exposure zones [6,7]. This has led regions such as Hawaii and parts of the Caribbean to restrict its use [7].
Choosing Oxybenzone Free Sunscreen
Mineral based sunscreen with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide provides broad spectrum protection without the endocrine or environmental concerns noted for oxybenzone [1,5].
Ingredient Overview
Category
Description
UV filters to avoid
Oxybenzone and similar chemical filters linked to hormone activity and coral effects
Safer alternatives
Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide provide broad protection with lower systemic and environmental concerns
Table 1: Sunscreen ingredient considerations
Evaluating Broad Spectrum Protection
Selecting sunscreen labelled as broad spectrum ensures UVA and UVB coverage. Checking active ingredients and confirming independent testing supports safe and effective use [5].
Conclusion
Balancing sun protection with questions about ingredient safety and environmental impact can feel challenging. Oxybenzone remains an effective UV filter, yet concerns around absorption and ecological effects highlight the value of choosing well studied alternatives that support both skin health and environmental care.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
[a] Danovaro R et al. Environ Health Perspect. [b] Wang SQ et al. Arch Dermatol. [c] Matouskova K et al. Reprod Toxicol. [d] Matta MK et al. JAMA. [e] Official Journal of the European Union. [f] International Coral Reef Initiative. Impacts of Sunscreens on Coral Reefs. [g] Suh S et al. Int J Dermatol.
Sebaceous filaments help move natural oils to the surface and are part of normal skin behaviour. Their appearance varies with oil levels, pore size, and overall texture, often drawing attention on the nose or chin.
In this article you will find clear guidance that explains what sebaceous filaments are, how they differ from blackheads, and how to care for them without disrupting the skin barrier.
Filaments & Blackheads Compared
Recognising the difference supports suitable care and helps avoid unnecessary treatments.
Feature
Description
Sebaceous filaments
Grey or flesh toned and subtle. Common on the nose and chin. Normal structures that support sebum flow rather than acne [1]
Blackheads
Dark and firm with oxidised material. Can appear on oilier areas and represent open comedones that require targeted acne care [2]
Table 1: Key differences between filaments and blackheads
Sebaceous filaments maintain hydration, whereas blackheads involve clogged pores. Misidentifying them may lead to aggressive extraction, which can irritate the skin.
Causes Of Prominent Filaments
Several factors influence how noticeable filaments appear.
Cause
Description
Genetics
Skin type and sebum production patterns influence visibility. Oily skin tends to show more pronounced filaments [3]
Hormones
Fluctuations during puberty or pregnancy increase sebum output through androgen activity [3,4]
Skincare routine
Insufficient cleansing allows oil and dead skin to build up, making filaments appear darker or more defined [5]
Table 2: Factors linked with visible sebaceous filaments
Management Strategies
Filaments cannot be removed but their appearance can be softened with supportive routines.
Strategy
Description
Regular cleansing
Gentle oil free cleansers twice daily remove excess oil and debris to reduce filament visibility [5]
Exfoliation
Beta hydroxy acid or glycolic acid helps dissolve oil and dead skin for smoother texture [2]
Clay masks
Kaolin or bentonite helps absorb surface oil and refine appearance [1]
Retinoids
Retinol or prescription tretinoin increases cell turnover and reduces buildup within pores over time [6]
Table 3: Evidence based care strategies
A report in Cureus described improvement in a 16 year old patient using topical tretinoin, with reduced sebum and enhanced texture after six months [6].
Practices To Avoid
Some actions may worsen irritation or increase visibility.
Action
Description
Squeezing
Extraction may cause inflammation, enlarged pores, or scarring through bacterial introduction [5]
Over exfoliation
Excess exfoliation strips oils and increases reactive sebum production, worsening the appearance [2]
Pore strips
Remove only surface material and may irritate sensitive skin without addressing underlying causes [5]
Table 4: Practices that may aggravate filaments
Long Term Care
Supportive routines maintain balance and help reduce recurrent visibility.
Practice
Description
Hydration
Non comedogenic moisturisers support barrier health and reduce reactive oil production [5]
Professional support helps guide treatments such as peels for ongoing concerns [6]
Table 5: Long term strategies for filament care
Conclusion
Sebaceous filaments are natural components of the skin, and their appearance can be softened with consistent habits such as gentle cleansing, exfoliation, and retinoid use. Supporting the skin with hydration and daily sun protection can further encourage a smoother look over time.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Hoover E, Perry D, Burkhart CN. Physiology, Sebaceous Glands.
Leung AKC, Barankin B, Hon KLE. Dermatology: How to Manage Acne Vulgaris.
Okoro OE, Camera E, Flori E, Ottaviani M. Insulin and the Sebaceous Gland Function.
Minter et al. The Impact of Female Hormones on Skin.
NHS. Skincare Tips for Oily Skin and Acne.
Mineroff JP, Hyde JT, Hsu S. A Case Report of Sebaceous Filaments.
Monderma internal clinical guidance on oil regulation and texture management.
Pregnancy alters the skin in varied ways and can create new concerns such as acne, melasma, or pregnancy stretch marks. Many women seek gentle skincare for pregnancy to feel comfortable and supported through these changes.
In this article you will find clear guidance about common skin changes, safe ingredients, and helpful routines that support your skin throughout pregnancy while keeping safety at the centre of every choice.
Skin Changes In Pregnancy
Hormonal shifts influence oil production and pigmentation, contributing to acne and melasma. Up to 90% of women experience hyperpigmentation, with melasma affecting 10 to 70% [1,2].
Pregnancy stretch marks appear in 50 to 90% of cases and often develop after the second trimester [1,2]. These patterns highlight the need for a tailored pregnancy skincare approach.
Pregnancy Glow
Increased circulation and hormonal activity contribute to a luminous appearance [2]. Gentle cleansing and non comedogenic moisturisers with hyaluronic acid maintain balance, while avoiding harsh routines helps prevent dryness.
Common Skin Issues
Hormonal acne may intensify as sebum rises. Azelaic acid and low dose glycolic acid are generally considered safe options [3,4]. Salicylic acid below 2% is also considered acceptable, although higher strength applications should be avoided [3].
Melasma appears as dark facial patches triggered by elevated melanin. Sunscreens with zinc oxide support prevention, while azelaic acid and vitamin C offer safe topical support [3,5].
Pregnancy stretch marks are influenced by genetics and appear as pink or purple lines before fading into lighter marks. Hydration supports comfort, although prevention evidence is limited [3,6].
Ingredient Guidance
Pregnancy friendly skincare focuses on safe alternatives while avoiding ingredients with systemic absorption or limited safety data.
Category
Description
Acne treatments
Retinoids and strong salicylic acid should be avoided. Azelaic acid and low strength glycolic acid support exfoliation and clarity [3,4]
Hyperpigmentation
Hydroquinone is not advised. Vitamin C and niacinamide may brighten and even tone safely [3,4]
Moisturisers
Avoid phthalates and parabens. Coconut oil and shea butter support hydration and elasticity [6]
Sunscreens
Avoid chemical filters such as oxybenzone. Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide offer safe UV protection [5]
Table 1: Overview of pregnancy ingredient choices
Ingredients To Avoid
Retinoids are associated with fetal retinoid syndrome and should not be used [3]. High dose salicylic acid is best avoided, although small amounts in topical form are generally acceptable [3].
Hydroquinone is absorbed readily and lacks safety data, so it should not be included [3,4]. Phthalates and parabens raise endocrine concerns and are not recommended [6].
Safe Alternatives
Vitamin C brightens and provides antioxidant benefits [3]. Glycolic acid below 10% supports texture and tone [3]. Azelaic acid reduces pigmentation and acne with minimal absorption [3].
Coconut oil and shea butter may soften and hydrate, although evidence for stretch mark prevention remains limited [6].
Stretch Marks
Hydration may improve comfort, though efficacy for prevention is limited [3,6]. A diet rich in vitamins A, C, and E supports collagen function [7].
Postpartum treatments such as laser therapy may reduce visibility but are not advised during pregnancy [3].
Stretch Mark Care
Practice
Description
Moisturising
Regular use of hydrating creams maintains suppleness and comfort, including those with shea butter or hyaluronic acid
Hydration
Adequate water intake supports tissue health
Diet
Nutrient rich choices provide vitamins needed for collagen support [7]
Table 2: Supportive approaches for stretch marks
Melasma Care
Melasma requires consistent sun protection with zinc oxide based sunscreens [5]. Topical azelaic acid and vitamin C may help lighten patches. Managing heat and UV exposure supports long term improvement.
Melasma Strategies
Approach
Description
Daily sunscreen
Zinc oxide based SPF 30 or higher safeguards against worsening pigmentation [5]
Topical support
Azelaic acid and vitamin C may reduce darkening
Dermatology review
Persistent cases benefit from professional assessment
Table 3: Supportive care for melasma during pregnancy
Conclusion
Navigating pregnancy skincare involves understanding how the skin changes and selecting ingredients that are gentle, supportive, and safe. Approaches that focus on calm cleansing, steady hydration, and well studied actives can help manage concerns such as acne, melasma, or sensitivity throughout this period.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Erlandson M, Wertz MC, Rosenfeld E. Common Skin Conditions During Pregnancy.
Cutaneous Changes During Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Review.
Skin Changes and Safety Profile of Topical Products During Pregnancy.
ACOG. Skin Conditions During Pregnancy.
Melasma: The Need for Tailored Photoprotection to Improve Clinical Outcomes.
Panico A et al. Skin Safety and Health Prevention: An Overview of Chemicals in Cosmetic Products.
Vaseline is a familiar moisturising product that supports comfort, hydration, and skin protection [4,7]. Many people use it for dryness, minor wounds, or chapped lips, yet concerns about pore clogging remain common.
In this article you will find clear guidance that explains how Vaseline functions, how it influences different skin types, and how to use it safely without increasing the chance of breakouts.
Understanding Vaseline & Its Uses
Vaseline is a semi solid blend of hydrocarbons refined to create a smooth, occlusive layer on the surface [1,7]. This protective barrier helps retain moisture and soothe dry areas, which is why it appears in both cosmetic and medical routines [4,7].
It supports uses such as easing chapped lips, reducing friction, protecting minor cuts, and comforting dry skin in colder climates [7,8]. Understanding how Vaseline works helps address concerns about its suitability for facial use.
Science Behind Vaseline
Vaseline forms an occlusive film that reduces transepidermal water loss, which helps prevent dryness and irritation [4]. This behaviour supports barrier repair and shields skin from environmental stress [6].
It sits on the surface rather than sinking deeply into pores, which lowers the chance of clogging for most people. However, applying it over unclean skin may trap impurities, especially for oily prone areas [1,3].
Does Vaseline Clog Pores
Purified petroleum jelly is widely considered low risk for causing blocked pores [1,3]. Its occlusive nature limits penetration, making it unlikely to trigger comedones, although monitoring is sensible for acne prone skin [1,3].
Dermatology sources note that thick layers applied over unwashed skin may trap debris, which may contribute to breakouts. Cleansing before use reduces this concern without limiting hydration benefits [1].
Vaseline & Facial Skin
Vaseline can support facial hydration when used on clean skin. Its occlusive barrier helps reduce dryness and protects from cold or windy environments, supporting comfort and repair [6].
Those with oilier skin types may prefer to use smaller amounts and observe how their skin responds, as the texture may feel heavier even though it is non comedogenic [1].
How Vaseline Affects Skin Types
Skin type
Summary
Oily skin
Non comedogenic and unlikely to cause acne for most, though sparing use helps manage comfort while monitoring response [1,2,3]
Dry skin
Reduces flakiness and seals moisture. Recommended for eczema and dry concerns. Works best when applied to damp skin [6,7]
Table 1: How Vaseline influences different skin types
Monderma Support For Skin
Monderma offers personalised prescription skincare for concerns such as acne, ageing skin, hyperpigmentation, and rosacea. Treatments may include ingredients like tretinoin, azelaic acid, and hyaluronic acid, which can complement occlusives like Vaseline to support hydration and repair [19].
You can explore tailored advice through a free consultation using Monderma’s prescription skincare service. This guidance supports individual needs and helps avoid products that may increase irritation.
Myths & Facts About Vaseline
Myth
Truth
Vaseline causes acne
Vaseline is non comedogenic for most and does not directly clog pores, though applying it over unclean skin may trap impurities [1,2]
Vaseline should not be used on the face
When applied correctly, it protects sensitive facial skin, and dermatology sources endorse its use in harsh conditions [6]
Table 2: Common myths and evidence based explanations
Benefits Of Using Vaseline
Benefit
Summary
Moisture retention
Helps reduce skin dehydration by forming a water retaining layer that protects against dryness
Healing properties
Supports minor wound healing by keeping skin moist, which reduces scarring and encourages repair [6]
Protective barrier
Shields from pollutants and allergens by supporting barrier strength and reducing irritation [5]
Makeup removal
Dissolves makeup gently without stripping natural oils and is suitable for many sensitive skin areas [7]
Table 3: Key benefits associated with Vaseline use
Conclusion
Vaseline is a reliable occlusive moisturiser that helps retain hydration, protect the skin, and support healing without clogging pores. Its simplicity and evidence supported benefits make it a useful option for many routines.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
What is Petrolatum in Skincare. CeraVe.
Benefits and Risks of Using Vaseline on Your Face. Health.
Petrolatum, Grease, and Acne. International Academy of Cosmetic Dermatology.
Read About Vaseline Ingredients. Vaseline.
How to Use Petroleum Jelly to Treat Eczema. Healthline.
Atopic Dermatitis: Self Care. American Academy of Dermatology.
What Is Petroleum Jelly and What Is It Used For. Vaseline.
Perioral dermatitis affects comfort and confidence through redness, bumps, and dryness around the mouth, nose, or eyes. These symptoms can disrupt daily life and may be difficult to distinguish from acne or eczema.
In this article you will find clear guidance that explains symptoms, causes, diagnostic clues, and evidence based treatment options that help manage this condition.
What Is Perioral Dermatitis?
Perioral dermatitis is a facial rash that appears mainly around the mouth but may affect the nose and eyes. It shows small red bumps that can resemble acne or eczema, which may lead to misdiagnosis [1,7].
It rarely includes comedones typical of acne and does not usually show the intense itch seen in eczema [14]. It is more common in women aged 16 to 45 and may persist without tailored care [1,2,3].
Symptoms Of Perioral Dermatitis
Symptoms appear in varying intensity but follow a recognisable pattern that supports diagnosis.
Key Symptoms
Symptom
Description
Redness or rash
Erythematous rash near the mouth, nose, or eyes while sparing the lip border [1]
Bumps
Small red papules that may contain clear or pus filled content [2]
Burning sensation
Mild to moderate discomfort or burning in affected areas [3]
Flakiness or dryness
Scaly or dry skin that may worsen irritation [4]
Table 1: Typical symptoms of perioral dermatitis
These signs may fluctuate with triggers but rarely affect the lips directly, which helps differentiate it from other facial conditions [1].
Perioral Dermatitis Causes
The exact cause remains unclear, yet several factors may contribute to flare patterns. Identifying these helps reduce recurrence and guide treatment choices.
Common Triggers
Trigger
Description
Topical steroids
Linked with up to 90 percent of cases through prolonged or inappropriate use [3,4]
Skincare products
Occlusive products or harsher formulas may aggravate skin [3,6,7]
Hormonal changes
Menstruation, pregnancy, or contraceptive use may influence outbreaks [6,7]
Environmental factors
Sunlight, weather changes, and stress may provoke symptoms [3,6]
Table 2: Potential causes linked with perioral dermatitis
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is clinical, guided by symptom pattern and history. Biopsy may be used in rare unclear cases and can show perivascular and perifollicular inflammation, although findings are not specific [8].
Treatments For Perioral Dermatitis
Treatment combines reduced triggers with topical and oral medicines tailored to severity.
Treatment Options
Treatment
Description
Metronidazole
Topical antibiotic that reduces inflammation and bacteria [5]
Pimecrolimus cream
Non steroid anti inflammatory that calms skin [10,11]
Clindamycin
Topical antibiotic that targets bacteria and redness [5]
Azelaic acid
Mild anti inflammatory that reduces redness and irritation [9]
Oral antibiotics
Options such as doxycycline or tetracycline for persistent cases [12]
Gentle skincare and sunscreen
Supports barrier function and reduces triggers [3,6]
Table 3: Evidence based treatments for perioral dermatitis
Discontinuing Topical Steroids
Stopping topical steroids is essential, yet rebound may occur, so gradual withdrawal helps support comfort [3,13].
Azelaic Acid Support
Azelaic acid offers effective and gentle support, with research noting improvement in many cases within several weeks [9].
Pimecrolimus Cream
Two RCTs support pimecrolimus for steroid induced perioral dermatitis, with evidence showing significant improvement in inflammation [10,11].
Doxycycline
Modified release doxycycline supports persistent cases with fewer gastrointestinal effects than standard formulations [12].
Conclusion
Perioral dermatitis can be managed effectively with gentle routines, awareness of triggers, and treatments that help calm inflammation and restore balance. Understanding how factors such as topical steroid use and skin sensitivity contribute to flare ups supports clearer, steadier progress over time.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Perioral dermatitis – GPnotebook.
Perioral dermatitis – VALINTERMED.
Perioral Dermatitis | Doctor. Patient.info.
Answer: Can you identify this condition.
Perioral Dermatitis. StatPearls.
Perioral Dermatitis: Managing the Healing Phases.
Wikipedia. Perioral dermatitis.
Biopsies of Facial Dermatoses Made Simple.
Jansen T, Melnik BC, Schadendorf D, et al. Steroid induced periorificial dermatitis in children.
Oppel T, Pavicic T, Kamann S, et al. Pimecrolimus cream efficacy in perioral dermatitis.
Schwarz T, Kreiselmaier I, Bieber T, et al. Pimecrolimus cream in adult perioral dermatitis.
Del Rosso JQ. Management of papulopustular rosacea and perioral dermatitis.
Diehl KL, Cohen PR. Topical steroid induced perioral dermatitis.
Glowing skin reflects surface health, comfort, and balance, and many people seek this through skincare routines that support clarity and radiance. These qualities relate closely to how the skin renews, protects, and responds to its environment.
In this article you will find clear guidance that explains the science behind radiance, the role of tretinoin in skin renewal, and supportive steps that help maintain a healthy glow.
Fundamentals Of Skin Radiance
Glowing skin appears smooth with even tone and a natural sheen. A strong barrier, balanced hydration, and steady oil production help protect against external stress and support a bright surface.
Factors In Radiance
Factor
Role in Skin Radiance
Skin barrier
Protects against stressors and retains moisture. A weaker barrier may cause dryness or dullness [1]
Hydration
Helps maintain plumpness and resilience. Hyaluronic acid supports this process [2]
Oil production
Balanced sebum helps create a natural glow without clogging pores, which may worsen acne [3]
Table 1: Core factors linked with radiance
External Factors & Skin
UV exposure can damage collagen and elastin, which may accelerate fine lines and surface changes linked with photoaging [6]. Pollution creates free radicals that impair the barrier and reduce brightness [6].
Lifestyle habits may influence radiance through oxidative stress. Choices such as smoking or reduced nutritional intake may affect elasticity and tone [7].
Sun protection with broad spectrum SPF 30 or higher supports the skin by reducing the impact of UV exposure [8].
Importance Of Cell Turnover
Cell turnover is the process of shedding old cells and forming new ones. It slows with age, which may cause dullness, uneven tone, and buildup on the surface. Topical retinoids like tretinoin accelerate this cycle for a fresher appearance [4].
Exfoliating ingredients such as salicylic acid or glycolic acids may further support renewal by gently lifting dead skin cells [5].
Prescription Care & Tretinoin
Tretinoin is a vitamin A derivative recognised for its role in acne care and radiance. Controlled trials show it can improve photoaged skin by reducing fine lines and helping restore even tone after consistent use [4].
How Tretinoin Works
Tretinoin supports renewal by stimulating keratinocyte proliferation and promoting new cell formation. It also increases collagen production to support firmness and texture [10].
It helps inhibit matrix metalloproteinases, which degrade collagen, and it supports barrier structure [6]. These combined effects help create smoother, clearer skin that reflects light evenly [10].
Benefits Beyond Acne
Tretinoin influences many concerns that affect radiance.
Tretinoin Benefits
Concern
Tretinoin Benefit
Hyperpigmentation
Reduces melanin and supports a more even tone [4]
Sun damage
Improves collagen formation in areas affected by UV exposure [10]
Fine lines and wrinkles
Supports smoother texture through enhanced collagen [6]
Table 2: Core benefits linked with tretinoin
Adding Tretinoin To Routines
A pea sized amount applied every other night can support tolerance. Night use is recommended since tretinoin increases sun sensitivity [9]. Daily SPF is essential for protection.
Moisturisers containing niacinamide may help improve the appearance of ageing facial skin and may reduce dryness linked with retinoid adaptation [7].
Complementary Products For Radiance
Moisturisers with hyaluronic acid or glycerin help maintain hydration and support comfort during renewal [2]. Consistent hydration helps tretinoin perform effectively.
Exfoliants such as salicylic acid or glycolic acids may improve turnover and promote even tone [5]. Gentle use supports clarity without increasing irritation.
Antioxidants such as vitamin C serum help reduce oxidative stress caused by UV exposure or pollution [6]. Morning use may brighten the surface and complement sunscreen.
Lifestyle Choices & Glow
Balanced nutrition may support barrier health through antioxidants and omega fatty acids [9]. Hydration supports general wellness, while topical moisturisers directly maintain surface hydration [2].
Quality sleep supports nightly repair and regeneration, helping maintain a brighter appearance.
Conclusion
Achieving glowing skin often involves prescription ingredients, supportive daily products, and lifestyle habits that nourish the skin barrier and encourage steady renewal. When these elements work together, they can help maintain clarity, softness, and lasting radiance.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Chambers ES, Vukmanovic Stejic M. Skin barrier immunity and ageing.
Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: Moisturizers.
Thiboutot D, Del Rosso JQ. Acne Vulgaris and the Epidermal Barrier.
Kojic acid appeals to many people seeking natural skincare support, especially those with pigmentation concerns [1]. Its gentle action helps maintain clarity and comfort in daily routines.
In this article you will find clear guidance that explains how kojic acid works, how it can support tone balance, and how to use it safely within your skincare routine.
What Is Kojic Acid
Kojic acid forms during fermentation in ingredients such as sake and soy sauce and is produced by fungi including Aspergillus oryzae [1]. It is often used to help lighten uneven areas.
Its natural origin supports growing interest in plant based products. Many people choose it for gentle assistance with marks linked to sun exposure or previous breakouts.
How Kojic Acid Works
Kojic acid acts as a tyrosinase inhibitor and reduces melanin production by limiting the activity of this key enzyme [2]. This approach may help lighten uneven pigmentation.
A study showed that adding 2 percent kojic acid to a gel with glycolic acid and hydroquinone improved melasma outcomes more than the same gel without kojic acid [3]. This supports its value in tone correction.
By helping limit excess pigment activity, kojic acid encourages a more uniform appearance, which supports confidence in daily skincare.
Key Kojic Acid Benefits
Kojic acid supports many concerns ranging from pigmentation to visible surface changes linked with ageing and inflammation.
Kojic Acid Benefits
Benefit
Description
Hyperpigmentation treatment
Helps lighten melasma and marks linked with inflammation
Anti ageing properties
Supports tone balance and reduces the look of sun related changes
Antifungal benefits
May help ease fungal skin concerns
Antibacterial effects
May help reduce bacterial growth and lighten marks
Table 1: Core benefits of kojic acid
Hyperpigmentation Support
Research found that 0.75 percent kojic acid reduced melasma with fewer side effects than 4 percent hydroquinone [4]. It can support sun exposed areas and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Kojic acid may also pair well with tranexamic acid, as seen in a study where a combined serum improved melasma severity [5].
Anti Ageing Support
Kojic acid may help lighten sun related marks and has antioxidant activity that supports healthier tone and texture [1]. This may enhance the appearance of skin affected by environmental exposure.
Antifungal Support
Some research suggests kojic acid may help manage fungal concerns such as athlete’s foot or ringworm [1]. This adds versatility to its cosmetic role.
Antibacterial Support
Kojic acid may reduce bacterial growth on the skin and can help lighten marks left after breakouts [1]. This dual action may support people with acne prone patterns.
Common Applications In Skincare
Kojic acid appears in soaps, creams, serums, and ointments designed for pigmentation support and surface clarity.
Kojic Acid Applications
Application
Description
Soaps
Cleansers that support lighter looking skin with daily use
Creams and lotions
Moisturising formulas that target uneven tone
Serums
Concentrated treatments for localised marks
Ointments
Intensive options for more stubborn areas
Table 2: Common kojic acid applications
Adding Kojic Acid To Routines
A gradual introduction supports comfort. Applying kojic acid every other day can help the skin adjust to prevent dryness or irritation [2]. This approach supports long term consistency.
Patch testing a small area helps identify any reactions before full use [1]. This can reduce the risk of contact dermatitis.
Daily sunscreen with at least SPF 30 is essential since kojic acid increases sun sensitivity [2]. Sun protection helps maintain the benefits of tone correcting routines.
Pairing kojic acid with ingredients such as niacinamide or tranexamic acid may improve pigmentation outcomes [5]. Other combinations, including vitamin C or glycolic acid, also show promising results [4,6].
Possible Reactions
Some people may experience irritation when starting kojic acid, especially at higher strengths [2]. Reducing frequency can help ease discomfort.
Allergic reactions are less common but possible. Stopping use and seeking advice is recommended if hives or severe redness occur [1].
Sun sensitivity increases during use, so consistent protection is important to help prevent further pigmentation [2].
Conclusion
Kojic acid can support a brighter and more even complexion by helping reduce the appearance of dark marks and areas of uneven tone. Steady use alongside sun protection allows the ingredient to work gently and predictably within a balanced routine.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Saeedi M, Eslamifar M, Khezri K. Kojic acid applications in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations.
Burnett CL, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, et al. Final report of the safety assessment of kojic acid as used in cosmetics.
Lim JT. Treatment of melasma using kojic acid in a gel containing hydroquinone and glycolic acid.
Monteiro RC, Kishore BN, Bhat RM, et al. A comparative study of the efficacy of 4 percent hydroquinone vs 0.75 percent kojic acid cream in the treatment of facial melasma.
Desai S, Ayres E, Bak H, et al. Effect of a tranexamic acid, kojic acid, and niacinamide containing serum on facial dyschromia.
Garcia A, Fulton JE. The combination of glycolic acid and hydroquinone or kojic acid for the treatment of melasma and related conditions.
Eczema causes dry, itchy, and irritated skin that can disrupt comfort in daily life [1]. Creams for eczema play an important role in easing symptoms and helping the skin feel more settled.
In this article you will find clear guidance that explains common types of eczema, the creams that support relief, and ways to care for sensitive skin during flare patterns.
Understanding Eczema
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic condition with redness, itching, and flare patterns that may begin in childhood [4]. It can affect up to 20 percent of children and around 3 percent of adults [1,4].
Flare triggers include irritants, allergens, soaps, or stress. These triggers often affect areas such as elbows, knees, the face, and flexural areas [1]. Management focuses on barrier repair and calming inflammation.
Types Of Eczema
Eczema varies in presentation, with atopic dermatitis being most common. Contact dermatitis and follicular accentuation can appear as patterns involving papules around hair follicles [4].
Eczema Types
Type of Eczema
Description
Atopic dermatitis
Most common form with itching and childhood flares [1,4]
Contact dermatitis
Triggered by irritants or allergens that cause redness [2]
Follicular pattern eczema
Shows papules around hair follicles, especially in children with darker skin [4]
Table 1: Common eczema types
Choosing The Right Cream
Selecting the right cream depends on symptom severity and skin needs. Key ingredients can support hydration, calm irritation, and protect the skin barrier.
Emollients For Eczema
Emollients for eczema help hydrate and repair the barrier, which reduces flare frequency. NICE notes that emollients are central to long term care, even when skin appears clear [3].
Useful ingredients include glycerin for hydration [5], petroleum jelly for moisture locking [4], and lanolin for protection, though some people may find it irritating [4]. Applying emollients twice daily supports comfort [3].
Topical Steroids
Topical corticosteroids reduce inflammation and itching during flares. NICE recommends tailoring potency, with milder options for the face and stronger ones for severe body flares [3].
Overuse may thin the skin, so medical advice is important [2]. A systematic review found that moderate to high potency corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors are effective for managing symptoms [6].
Natural Ingredients
Some creams use natural ingredients to soothe reactive skin. Aloe vera offers anti inflammatory support [4], coconut oil hydrates and may reduce bacterial growth [4], and colloidal oatmeal calms irritation [1,4].
Patch testing is recommended since natural ingredients may cause sensitivity in some people [4].
Extra Care For Eczema
Gentle lifestyle adjustments complement topical care. Avoiding irritants such as soaps, detergents, and coarse fabrics may reduce flares [1]. Using gentle soap for eczema supports sensitive areas [1].
Regular emollient application helps maintain hydration [3]. Hydration supports general wellness, though evidence linking water intake with eczema severity is limited [4]. Dermatologist care may assist when symptoms persist [4].
Conclusion
Managing eczema often involves steady moisturising, gentle cleansing, and targeted treatments that help calm irritation and support barrier repair. Identifying triggers and choosing soothing formulations can make daily symptoms more manageable over time.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
NHS. Atopic eczema.
NHS. Contact dermatitis.
NICE. Atopic eczema in under 12s: diagnosis and management.
Nemeth V. Eczema.
Lodén M, Andersson AC, Lindberg M. A double-blind study comparing the effect of glycerin and urea on dry, eczematous skin in atopic patients.
Chu DK, Wong AWL, Rayner DG, et al. Topical treatments for atopic dermatitis.
Music influences mood, comfort, and emotional balance in ways that support beauty and wellness. Its calming qualities help reduce tension that often affects the appearance and feel of skin.
In this article you will find clear guidance that explains how music supports emotional well-being, how it affects stress responses, and how it can be integrated into routines that nurture skin.
How Music Supports Wellness
Music influences the brain and body through changes in dopamine release that affect happiness and relaxation [1]. These effects can help reduce stress, which supports long term wellness.
Research suggests music interventions may lower markers such as cortisol, heart rate, and blood pressure [2]. These changes help protect overall health and build emotional resilience [2].
Music can also support mindfulness by guiding attention toward rhythm and melody, helping calm the mind and create a more tranquil routine.
Benefits Of Music Therapy
Music therapy uses structured interventions to support physical and emotional needs. Research shows it can reduce anxiety in cancer patients in ways comparable to cognitive behavioural therapy [3].
It may also ease symptoms of anxiety and depression by supporting emotional expression and social connection [4]. These benefits strengthen well-being across many ages.
Music therapy has further been linked with improved cardiovascular health through reductions in systolic blood pressure in patients with coronary heart disease [5].
Key Therapy Benefits
Benefit
Description
Stress reduction
May lower cortisol and anxiety to support relaxation [2, 3]
Emotional regulation
Supports emotional clarity and resilience [4]
Cardiovascular health
May reduce blood pressure during recovery [5]
Cognitive enhancement
May support focus and memory [4]
Table 1: Core benefits of music therapy
Music & Skincare Routines
Stress may worsen acne, eczema, and early ageing through increases in cortisol and inflammation [6]. Since music can help reduce stress, it may indirectly support clearer, calmer skin [7].
Adding music to skincare routines can build a calmer environment, support mindfulness, and promote habits that encourage skin balance and radiance.
Music & Skin Clarity
Research shows relaxing music can reduce salivary cortisol after stress exposure [9]. Lower cortisol may help limit inflammation and breakouts, supporting clearer skin.
Positive emotions created by music can also encourage consistent routines, which helps maintain cleansing, hydration, and daily sun protection.
Tretinoin Routines & Music
Tretinoin supports glowing skin through increased cell turnover and reduced pore clogging. Consistent use is essential for long term benefits [8].
Listening to calming music during skincare may strengthen adherence by creating a comforting ritual. This helps support relaxation, which may ease stress related triggers that affect skin comfort.
Creating A Music Ritual
Music infused routines can support mood, exercise, sleep, and mindfulness, which each influence skin health and emotional balance.
Routine Activity Guide
Activity
How to Implement
Morning music
Play uplifting tracks while getting ready
Exercise playlist
Use upbeat songs to support endurance
Bedtime relaxation
Listen to calming music before sleep
Mindfulness practice
Use gentle music during meditation
Table 2: Everyday ways to use music
Music & Social Well-Being
Music supports social connections through shared experiences, which can strengthen emotional resilience. Group activities such as concerts or singing may support social bonding and well-being [4].
Conclusion
Integrating music into daily routines may ease stress, lift mood, and contribute to a calmer internal environment that supports overall wellbeing. These effects can complement skincare habits that aim to nurture balance, glow, and resilience across the long term.
Content is for informational purposes only. Monderma treatments are prescribed following consultation. Results and timeframes can vary. Use as directed by your prescriber.
References
Chanda ML, Levitin DJ. The neurochemistry of music.
de Witte M, Spruit A, van Hooren S, Moonen X, Stams GJ. Effects of music interventions on stress-related outcomes.
Bradt J, Dileo C, Magill L, Teague A. Music interventions for improving psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients.
Dingle GA, Sharman LS, Bauer Z, et al. How Do Music Activities Affect Health and Well-Being
Bradt J, Dileo C, Potvin N. Music for stress and anxiety reduction in coronary heart disease patients.
Chen Y, Lyga J. Brain-skin connection: stress, inflammation and skin aging.
Nilsson U. The anxiety and pain reducing effects of music interventions.
Santer M, Burden-Teh E, Ravenscroft J. Managing acne vulgaris: an update.
Khalfa S, Bella SD, Roy M, Peretz I, Lupien SJ. Effects of relaxing music on salivary cortisol level after psychological stress.
